With the rapid development of society, people's pace of life is accelerating, competition is becoming more and more fierce, and interpersonal relationships are becoming more and more complicated. Due to the rapid progress of science and technology and the explosive growth of knowledge, people are forced to constantly update their knowledge; "Mankind has entered the era of emotional burden", and people's concept consciousness and emotional attitude have undergone complex evolution. As a member of modern society, college students living and studying in colleges and universities are very sensitive to the barometer of social psychology. In addition, college students, as a special social group, have many special problems of their own, such as adapting to the new learning environment and tasks. The adaptation to major choice and study, the conflict between ideal and reality, the handling and study of interpersonal relationship, the contradiction in love and the choice of future career. How to make them avoid or eliminate the psychological pressure, crisis or obstacle caused by the above psychological pressure, improve their physical and mental health, adapt to the current and developing social environment with a positive and normal psychological state, prevent the occurrence of psychological diseases and psychosomatic diseases, and strengthen the psychological health education of college students has become an urgent need and concern for colleges and universities.
With the overall development of China's economic level, people's material living standards have improved rapidly. People are not only pursuing physical health, but also paying attention to mental health, and college students who are favored by the emperor are no exception. Nowadays, college students are broad-minded, active in thinking, pursuing a personalized lifestyle and full of romantic feelings, but they are also facing new psychological problems and conflicts.
Health is the first wealth in life. As the wife of the son of heaven, college students' mental health is the basis of academic performance, career success and happy life.
Mental health is an extension of the concept of mental health. Mental health usually refers to a positive mental state, while mental health refers to all activities to maintain mental health and the knowledge to study mental health.
Mental health refers to having normal intelligence, positive emotions, moderate emotions, harmonious interpersonal relationships, good personality, strong will and mature psychological behavior. Mental health is closely related to one's achievement, contribution and success. Mental health is the foundation of college students' success.
I. Definition of mental health
Mental health refers to a state in which people have a sense of stability in the internal environment and can adapt to any form of external environment in society. In other words, when they encounter any obstacles and difficulties, their psychology will not be out of balance, and they can be overcome by appropriate behavior. This stable and adaptive state is a state of mental health. It is very difficult to measure whether the mind is absolutely healthy. Health is relative, and there is no absolute dividing line. Generally speaking, there are three principles to judge whether psychology is normal: First, the unity of psychology and environment. Normal psychological activities are consistent with the objective environment in content and form. Second, the unity of psychology and behavior. This means that individual psychology and behavior is a complete, unified and coordinated process. Third, the stability of personality. Personality is the concrete embodiment of the unique personality psychological characteristics formed by individuals in the process of long-term life experience. Psychological disorder refers to mental illness or slight psychological disorder. It appears in contemporary college students mostly because of physical and mental fatigue, tension, psychological conflict, sudden problems or contradictions that are difficult to coordinate. , the time is short, the degree is slight, and it disappears or slows down with the change of situation; Others have a long time and a heavy degree, and finally have to drop out of school or even drop out of school. There are many manifestations of psychological obstacles, mainly in psychological activities and behaviors. It is manifested in psychological activities such as hypersensitivity or hypoesthesia, abnormal somatosensory perception, illusion, hallucination, forgetfulness, paranoia, neologism, vague consciousness, disorder of psychological characteristics, and difficulty in getting along with others. Behavior and anxiety, indifference, stubbornness, aggression, heavy heart. Despair, even pain and so on.
Second, the significance of mental health education for college students
1, mental health education is an effective way to improve students' comprehensive quality.
Psychological quality is the internal characteristic of the subject's relative psychological stability, including personal mental outlook, temperament, personality, emotion and other psychological elements, which is the basis for the formation and development of other qualities. Students' knowledge seeking and growth is essentially a continuous psychological activity and psychological development process. Only through individual selection and internalization can the cultural knowledge provided by education penetrate into the individual's personality traits and make it move from naivety to maturity. This process is also a process of improving the level of individual psychological quality. The improvement of students' comprehensive quality is greatly influenced by their psychological quality. The formation of students' various qualities should be mediated by psychological quality, and the formation and development of innovative consciousness, independent personality, competitiveness and adaptability should be guided by psychological quality. In the complicated and changeable social environment, maintaining good psychological adaptation is the key to resist temptation, bear setbacks and realize self-adjustment. It is in this sense that the strength of college students' comprehensive quality mainly depends on their psychological quality and the success of school mental health education.
2. Mental health education is the basic driving force for students' personality development.
Mental health education is closely related to the personality development of the educated, which directly affects the development level of individual personality. On the one hand, in the process of mental health education, students gradually improve their personality structure by accepting moral norms, behavior patterns, environmental information and social expectations; On the other hand, as a measure, evaluation and adjustment of oneself in psychological life, objectively existing values also affect the personality development of the subject, and can also be transformed into personality traits under certain conditions, thus promoting personality development to a new height. At the same time, mental health education is not passively attached to this transformation, but actively guides the educated to adjust their own direction in the process of transformation, so that individuals can grasp themselves and evaluate their behavior, thus achieving the goal of psychological optimization and sound personality.
3. Mental health education is a reliable way to develop students' potential.
One of the purposes of education is to develop the potential of the educated. Good psychological quality and potential development are the premise of mutual promotion, and mental health education creates the necessary conditions for their coordinated development. Mental health education helps the subject to know himself at a higher level by stimulating the self-confidence of the educated, so as to realize the role transformation, develop the adaptability to the environment and finally fully develop the potential.
Third, the status quo of contemporary college students' psychological problems
The psychological quality of contemporary college students not only affects their own development, but also relates to the improvement of the quality of the whole nation and the cultivation of cross-century talents. A survey on the main qualities of contemporary people shows that the quality of contemporary people can't meet the needs of social progress and development. What they lack most is psychological quality, which is characterized by weak will, insufficient ability to bear setbacks, insufficient adaptability and self-reliance, lack of competition and crisis awareness, lack of self-confidence and strong dependence. The reason is that education does not attach importance to the cultivation and shaping of people's psychological quality. Among college students, some people almost lose their desire and confidence to engage in all actions because of self-denial and self-exclusion; Some people have suicidal thoughts or self-destructive behaviors due to failed exams or frustrated love; Some people are cynical or desperate because of the unsatisfactory reality; Some people avoid group self-isolation because of disharmony in interpersonal relationships. A large number of surveys show that the main reason for the high incidence of college students in China is psychological disorder, and psychological diseases have become the main diseases of college students. Specific manifestations are terror, anxiety, compulsion, depression and emotional crisis, neurasthenia and so on. Our school surveys the mental health of freshmen every year. The results show that a large number of college students have poor psychological quality every year, and there are different degrees of obstacles. Four students from the College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy in 2002 dropped out of school because of psychological problems in the first year. The four of them are emotionally unstable because: 1, the pursuit of girls is rejected; 2. I have long suspected that my classmates talk about themselves behind their backs and despise themselves, so I dare not face others; 3. Losing confidence in life goals, feeling depressed and depressed; 4, manic, abnormal behavior. Finally, I can't continue my studies. The common psychological problems of college students are also manifested in environmental pressure, self-awareness obstacles, interpersonal communication obstacles, emotional instability, emotional maladjustment and so on. The psychological problems of contemporary college students can not be ignored.
Fourthly, the causes of psychological problems of contemporary college students are analyzed.
On the one hand, the problems of college students' psychological quality are related to their own psychological development stage, and at the same time, they are inseparable from their social environment. College students are generally between the ages of seventeen and eighteen and twenty-three, which is in the middle of adolescence and is the most dramatic period of psychological changes in life. Due to immature psychological development and unstable emotions, psychological conflicts sometimes occur when facing a series of physiological, psychological and social adaptation topics, such as the conflict between ideal and reality, the conflict between reason and emotion, the conflict between independence and dependence, the conflict between self-esteem and inferiority, the conflict between lack of knowledge and discrimination, the conflict between competition and stability, and so on. If these conflicts and contradictions are not effectively channeled and reasonably resolved, they will form psychological barriers over time, especially for contemporary college students. In order to win in the fierce competition for the college entrance examination, they almost devoted themselves to their studies. Over-protection of parents, examination-oriented education in schools and lack of life experience make these students psychologically fragile, weak-willed, and lack of tolerance for setbacks. Small setbacks in study, life, making friends, falling in love and choosing a job are enough for some of them to bear. From the perspective of environmental factors, the intensification of competition and the acceleration of the pace of life have created a sense of urgency and pressure; Individuals have more opportunities to choose their goals in life, and the contradictions that are difficult to take into account aggravate inner conflicts and produce anxiety. In all these cases, all kinds of confusion, confusion, anxiety and nervousness caused by inadaptability to the changing environment have obviously increased, and the psychological impact brought by social changes to growing college students is stronger and more complicated than ever before. Various physiological factors, psychological confusion and social factors are intertwined, which easily leads to the unbalanced psychological development of college students. People with poor psychological quality naturally can't adapt to the environment of high speed, high technology and high competition, and heavy psychological load can easily lead to various psychological diseases.
1, objectively
Compared with middle school, great changes have taken place in study, life and interpersonal relationship in university.
1) The tasks, contents and methods of learning have changed. Middle school students learn basic knowledge in order to prepare for further study or employment in the future; The purpose of studying professional knowledge in universities is to mold students into senior professionals for the construction of the motherland. Middle school courses only take a few college entrance examination courses for a few years, and middle schools have teacher guidance every day, day after day; Universities should have strong self-study ability and think and solve problems independently. New college students often don't adapt to this changing study life and don't know how to adapt and control their time.
2) The living environment has changed. Some freshmen have the experience of sending students to middle school, but most of them still go to school and live with their families after school. After entering the university, the class group becomes the main living environment and the dormitory becomes the main living area. It is really a problem for those who are used to relying on their parents and family. This change has brought them some mental pressure.
3) Interpersonal relationships are more complicated than in middle school. Most freshmen live in places where middle schools are concentrated. From primary school to middle school, there are some partners who have been together since childhood. The head teacher served for several years and met every day. Familiar faces, similar languages and customs constitute their familiar living environment. Entering the university, people around you come from different regions, have never met before, have different languages and customs; Students have changed from being lively and intimate to being unfamiliar, making it difficult to talk about ideas. This is extremely unaccustomed to freshmen who are only seventeen or eighteen years old. So they will miss home, classmates and feel lonely every holiday.
4) The attitude towards social work has changed. Most of the work and activities in middle schools are carried out under the guidance of teachers and undertaken by a few students. The university forces students to manage themselves. There are many things in the class and many club activities. Students should not only do their own study well, but also undertake certain social work and care about class collective construction. Freshmen often don't adapt to this heavy workload, lack work initiative, and don't know how to manage their own affairs in their posts, so they feel great pressure.
2. Subjective aspects
There is a contradiction between the dependence of new material life and the independent consciousness of spiritual life; There is a contradiction between the increasing consciousness of self-reliance and self-improvement in subjective desire and the possibility and ability in objective conditions. These two reasons can easily make freshmen who can't adapt to the new environment have the following psychological problems:
One is blind complacency and narcissism. Because they passed the college entrance examination, teachers praised them, classmates envied them, relatives and friends praised them, and parents celebrated them. Some students gradually relaxed their fighting spirit in this narcissism and relaxed all day, thinking that they were top students in middle schools and their college grades would not be bad, thus relaxing their demands on themselves and being blindly complacent.
The second is disappointment and feeling out of favor. Some students idealize and mystify college life before entering the university, and feel that the gap between ideal and reality is too big after entering the university, which leads to disappointment. Some students used to be top students in middle schools, and they are the key protection objects of families and schools. When they enter the university, they will feel out of favor.
The third is to relax and rest. Some students think that being admitted to the university is an iron rice bowl. The goal of long-term struggle has been achieved, psychologically satisfied, and physically hoped to have a rest. In addition, after entering the university, the goal of struggle is unclear, the adaptability is not strong, and the motivation of competition is weakened, resulting in the psychology of "relaxing and resting", which can no longer inspire the courage to advance.
The fourth is cowardice. Because of the change of the environment, I hesitate not to look back, not to participate in social activities, not to patronize the sports ground. Besides studying all day, I have nothing to do and live a single life, which hinders the development of my personality.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) How to know yourself correctly?
We often see in various newspapers that there are serious psychological problems among college students at present, and the number of college students with psychological obstacles and even mental illness is still increasing.
College students are excellent students selected from a large number of middle school students and have a strong sense of superiority and pride psychologically. But at the same time, college students are also under greater pressure and challenges. College students often think highly of themselves, are easily frustrated and have a series of mental health problems. From the external environment, the current changing ideas and social life environment have had a profound impact on college students, so college students must quickly adapt to the tense pace of social life; The intensification of employment competition has brought about the advance of career choice and related high-intensity mental work, and further increased the psychological pressure of college students. From the perspective of college students themselves, university is an important period for the growth and development of life. There are contradictions and conflicts in the coordinated development of college students' physiology, psychology and socialization, and there are often contradictions between ideal self and realistic self. Faced with these problems, if college students can't adapt to the environment and solve problems well, they will have a series of psychological obstacles and even mental diseases.
Therefore, cultivate good personality quality. A good personality should first understand oneself correctly, cultivate an attitude of accepting oneself, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and constantly improve oneself. Secondly, we should improve our tolerance to setbacks, have a correct understanding of setbacks, not panic in the face of setbacks, adopt a rational coping style, and turn negative factors into positive ones. The level of frustration tolerance is related to personal ideological realm, subjective judgment of frustration and frustration experience. To improve the ability to withstand setbacks, we should strive to improve our ideological realm, establish a scientific outlook on life, actively participate in various practical activities, and enrich our life experience.
Develop a scientific lifestyle. The influence of lifestyle on mental health has been proved by scientific research. A healthy lifestyle refers to a regular life, a combination of work and rest, scientific use of the brain, adherence to physical exercise, less drinking, no smoking, and attention to hygiene. College students have a heavy study burden and great psychological pressure. If we want to keep the efficiency of study for a long time, we must arrange daily study, exercise and rest scientifically to make our life regular. To learn to use the brain scientifically means to use the brain regularly, reasonably and promptly, so as to avoid neurasthenia caused by excessive use of the brain and reduce the ability of thinking and remembering hundreds of millions.
Strengthen self-psychological adjustment. The core content of self-regulating mental health includes adjusting cognitive structure, emotional state, exercising will quality and improving adaptability. College students are in adolescence, and the prominent feature of adolescence is that human sexual physiology has gradually entered an active state after undergoing a transition from germination to maturity. In the sense of psychological development, this stage is an eventful autumn of life. This is because of the lack of experience and the naivety of knowledge, which determines that some aspects of people's psychological development lag behind the growth rate of physiological functions in this period. Therefore, in its development process, there will inevitably be many embarrassment, confusion, trouble and pain. On the other hand, China is in a critical period of establishing a socialist market economy and realizing the strategic goal of socialist modernization. The social situation is undergoing complex and profound changes, with increasingly fierce social competition, accelerated pace of life and rapid development of science and technology. This situation will also lead to psychological contradictions and conflicts among young students who will enter the society sooner or later, such as parents being laid off, changes in family life, poor academic performance, failure in making friends, lovelorn and so on. If these psychological problems persist for a long time, they may become psychological obstacles and affect study and life. Let students face up to reality, learn to adjust themselves and keep good contact with reality. Self-adjustment, give full play to subjective initiative to transform the environment, and strive to achieve their ideal goals.
Therefore, college students should learn to adjust their own psychology and realize mental health;
1, maintain a strong interest in learning and curiosity. Learning is the main task of college students. With the interest in learning, we can consciously jump into the vast ocean of knowledge and invite them to swim, desperately absorb new knowledge and develop various abilities, so as to improve our own quality and better adapt to the needs of social development.
2. Keep an optimistic mood and a good attitude. College students should maintain a positive and optimistic mood, a happy and cheerful attitude, and be full of confidence and hope for the future. When you encounter sad things, you should learn to adjust yourself, express and control your emotions appropriately, and be proud to win, happy to lose, and worried.
Sixth, the educational countermeasures of college students' psychological problems.
People's psychological quality is not innate, but depends on acquired education and training, and education plays a decisive role in improving psychological quality. Our school has made many explorations and attempts in the psychological quality education of college students, and carried out a series of work, which has achieved good results, but there are also many shortcomings to be improved. The following are effective educational measures:
1, give full play to the role of school psychological counseling.
School psychological consultation is an important way to improve students' psychological health and optimize their psychological quality, and it is also an important part of psychological quality education. With the passage of time, psychological counseling has been recognized and accepted by more and more people, and more and more colleges and even middle schools have begun to set up psychological counseling institutions. Psychological counseling can guide students to reduce inner contradictions and conflicts, solve their worries and difficulties, and develop their physical and mental potential. It can also help students understand themselves correctly, grasp themselves and adapt to the external environment effectively. In recent years, the psychological counseling institutions have been continuously improved and the service forms are diverse, which has become the most effective way for college students' psychological quality education.
2. Carry out mental health survey of freshmen to realize early detection and prevention of psychological problems.
The premise of developing psychological quality education is to understand the situation of mastering students' psychological quality, so as to put forward targeted educational measures and programs. Our school conducts a mental health survey of freshmen every year. Students with psychological symptoms were screened out by using the "mental health questionnaire", and they were invited to the psychological counseling center for further diagnosis through interviews and analysis. About 65,438+00% freshmen are invited for an interview every year. According to the interview analysis, different types and degrees of problems are distinguished, and different countermeasures are taken to prevent problems before they happen, so that students can find psychological problems early and intervene in time, so that they can get them at the beginning of enrollment.
3. Infiltrate psychological quality education into the teaching of various subjects.
Implementing psychological quality education through teaching in various disciplines is not only the way for schools to implement psychological education, but also the inevitable requirement for the development of teaching in various disciplines. The teaching process of each subject contains extremely rich psychological education factors, because the teaching process is dominated by cultural knowledge, moral norms and ideological values accumulated in social history. In the process of imparting knowledge, teachers can transform the knowledge, experience and skills formed in human history into their own spiritual wealth, that is, internalize the students' ideological views, life values and good psychological quality, and take root in them for a long time, as long as they pay attention to students' psychological needs, stimulate students' interest in learning and dig deep into the inherent educational significance of knowledge.
4. Offering compulsory courses of psychological education to improve self-education ability.
The improvement of psychological quality is inseparable from the mastery of corresponding knowledge. Systematic study of psychology, hygiene and health is helpful for students to understand the law of psychological development, master psychological adjustment methods and enhance their self-education ability. The effect of psychological quality education depends on the initiative and enthusiasm of students' self-education and the level of students' self-education ability to a great extent. Therefore, psychological quality education is to focus on cultivating students' ability of self-education.
5. Strengthen the construction of campus culture and create a good psychological and social environment for the healthy growth of college students.
The healthy growth of college students is inseparable from a healthy psychological and social environment, and the cultivation of college students' psychological quality is inseparable from a good campus cultural atmosphere. School spirit is an important content of campus culture construction, and it is also an important condition that affects students' psychological development. Good school spirit will subtly optimize students' psychological quality. For example, the school spirit of unity and friendship is the soil for students to form group cohesion and collective sense of honor, which is conducive to maintaining harmonious interpersonal relationships and promoting mutual communication and help among students. Colorful campus cultural activities help to cultivate students' optimistic attitude towards life and healthy and cheerful emotional characteristics. Therefore, schools should devote themselves to the construction of campus culture, carry out various cultural and sports activities and academic activities, and form a healthy and progressive atmosphere and a relaxed understanding environment, which will help students deepen their self-awareness, fully develop their personality and improve their adaptability.
Mental health can promote the all-round development of college students. Healthy psychological quality is the basic requirement of college students' all-round development, and it is also an important condition for them to go to society in the future, play their intellectual level in their jobs, actively engage in social activities and constantly develop to a higher level. Fully understanding the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor is based on healthy psychological quality, which directly affects and restricts the realization of all-round development.
Mental health can help college students overcome dependence and enhance their independence. After hard work and fierce competition, college students bid farewell to middle schools, enter universities and enter a brand-new world of life. College students must shift from relying on their parents to relying on themselves. Before going to college, the university they imagined was like a "paradise", romantic, strange and wonderful. After going to college, it is difficult for them to adapt to the intense study, strict discipline and living environment. Therefore, college students must attach importance to mental health, overcome dependence as soon as possible, enhance independence, actively adapt to college life, and live a full and meaningful college life.
Mental health is a solid psychological foundation for college students to achieve career success. At present, the distribution of China university graduates has changed greatly. College students all implement the methods of meeting supply and demand, two-way selection and merit-based employment. Competition in choosing a job will inevitably make college students feel psychologically confused and uneasy. Therefore, in the face of the new situation, college students should pay attention to maintaining mental health, cultivate good psychological quality of self-reliance, self-improvement and self-discipline, exercise their social communication ability, make themselves make correct role choices in the ever-changing and complex social environment, dare to face difficulties, setbacks and challenges, pursue a more perfect personality, and lay a solid psychological foundation for career success.
Excellent psychological quality plays an important role in improving the comprehensive quality of young students, and will certainly have a positive and far-reaching impact on the quality of talents in the 2 1 century. Healthy psychology is the necessary condition and foundation for a person's all-round development. It has become an urgent task for colleges and universities to strengthen the education and cultivation of college students' psychological quality and comprehensively improve the quality of cross-century talents. 2 1 century is a century of ideological and cultural agitation, pluralistic values, impact of news and public opinion, and rapid social changes. Faced with such a complex world, future talents may have a psychological crisis at some point. 2 1 century talents' psychological endurance will undergo a more severe test. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the education and cultivation of young college students' psychological qualities such as adaptability, endurance, control, willpower, thinking ability, creativity and self-confidence, so that they can truly understand that if they want to occupy the future, they should not only do a good job in ideological and moral reserves, intelligence and physique, but also be psychologically prepared to overcome various difficulties and setbacks, and guide them to scientifically get out of the misunderstanding of self-knowledge, update their concepts, break through time and space and surpass themselves. It's the only way.