-Interpretation of the Curriculum Standard of Physical Education Health in Ordinary Senior High Schools (20 17 Edition)
Author Yin Zhihua
abstract
In the field of school physical education, there are very mature physical classification methods at home and abroad, that is, physical fitness includes physical fitness closely related to health (referred to as healthy physical fitness) and physical fitness closely related to sports skills (referred to as sports physical fitness).
First, healthy physical quality.
Including body composition, cardiopulmonary endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance flexibility and so on. These physical abilities are closely related to health. If you lose these abilities, it will be difficult to maintain the most basic life.
Second, physical exercise.
Including speed, strength, agility, coordination, balance, reaction time, etc.
These physical abilities are closely related to motor skills. If these abilities are not high, it is difficult to improve the level of sports. Of course, it should be pointed out that the division of healthy physique and exercise physique does not mean that the physique types contained in the two constitutions are completely separated. In fact, some physical fitness components are not only health-related physical fitness, but also physical fitness needed to improve the level of sports skills, but the emphasis is different.
Regarding the definition of physical fitness in the field of school physical education, the Interpretation of Curriculum Standards (20 17 edition) has a very clear statement:
Third, about the body composition of a healthy constitution.
1. Body composition
Refers to the total components of human tissues and organs, including fat components and non-fat components. The weight of the former is called body fat weight, and the percentage of body fat weight to body weight is called body fat rate (F%). The latter includes the weight of internal organs, bones, muscles, water, mineral salts and other components, also known as lean body weight or fat-free body weight. These two body components should be kept in a reasonable proportion, and too much or too little of either body component will have extremely adverse effects on health.
2. Cardiopulmonary endurance
It refers to the ability of respiratory and circulatory system to provide oxygen and nutrition to meet the needs of long-term physical activity, and is one of the important indexes to evaluate human health and physique.
3. Muscle strength
Refers to the maximum strength that muscles can exert, while muscle endurance refers to the ability of muscles to work continuously.
4. Flexibility
Refers to the range of motion of all joints in the body and the elasticity and stretching ability of ligaments, tendons, muscles, skin and other tissues across joints. It is an important physical component.
Fourth, about the body composition in physical exercise.
1. Sensitivity
Refers to the human body's ability to quickly change posture, change movements and improvise. Sensitivity exercise is helpful to improve the flexibility of nerve conduction process in cerebral cortex, develop rapid response ability, improve the accuracy and coordination of speed and movement, and master a variety of motor skills faster.
Step 2 keep balance
It is a complex and comprehensive physical fitness. Physical exercise can not only maintain the original function of the balance system, but also help to improve the balance ability.
3. Coordination
It is the ability of all parts of the body to cooperate with each other in time and space, and to complete actions accurately, reasonably and effectively, which mainly reflects a person's comprehensive ability of vision, hearing, balance and motor skills.
3. Explosive force
Refers to the ability to overcome certain resistance with maximum acceleration in the shortest time.
4. Speed
It refers to the ability of the body or a part of the body to move quickly in a short time, including the ability to respond quickly to external signal stimuli, the ability of the human body to complete actions quickly and the ability to move quickly.
5. Reaction time
It refers to the time required for the human body to respond from receiving stimulation. It is a common physiological and psychological index to measure the excitability of nerve-muscle tissue and evaluate the reaction speed of human body.
The performance of the above 1 1 kinds of physical abilities in core literacy mainly refers to the level of different kinds of physical abilities displayed by students, such as the number of body components, the size of muscle strength and endurance, speed and reaction speed, etc. The higher the personal physique level, the higher the quality of healthy life may be; The higher the individual's physical fitness level, the higher the level of sports skills may be.