What surnames and word generations do Buyi people have?

Investigation on the social history of Buyi people in Xingren County —— Buyi people in Wang Kaiji Long ago, Buyi people didn't have surnames themselves. Married adults: men are called "hugs" and women are called "ya"; Young unmarried men are called "vangz" and women are called "buy"; Underage children are called "xuaix". Surnames came into being much earlier than genealogy. According to the surnames of Buyi people in Xingren County, there are more than twenty surnames in Xingren County, such as Wang, Yang, Cen, Luo, Luo, Chen, Li, Yu, Lu, Wei, He, Tie, Liang, Huang, He, Tang, Pan, Xie, Zhou, Ai, Mao, Meng and Wu. According to genealogical records of surnames, ancestral migration and allusions and legends, it can be roughly divided into three types: one is the extension of Han surnames; Second, take things as surnames; Third, imitate surnames. First, extend the Han surname. There is a saying in the extension of the Han surname that * * * has the same point, that is, "Han's father is his mother." "Yi"-Buyi people are generally regarded as their own nation and indigenous people. "Han" refers to the Han nationality (foreign nationality). "Han father and mother" means that the grandfather of the ancestor is a foreign Han nationality and the grandmother is an indigenous person here. Such as: partridge garden: Cen's genealogy records: "Cen Ben's surname is Ji, and he is a descendant. After the enfeoffment, it was given to the family. " During the reign of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, Cen Peng was a general in the imperial court. He led troops to fight Kunyang and made great achievements. Cen Peng later entered Zhejiang and arrived in Guizhou at the end of Yuan Dynasty. The ancestor of Xingren was called Cen Qiyuan. Genealogy narrative: "Qi Yuangong is fifty years old and has no children. Qi Degong, his brother, said,' This place is full of foreigners, so it is difficult to take a concubine. Why not marry a foreigner and accept cigarettes? "Qiyuan laughed and followed. That is, marry Lu as a concubine. This surname is a continuation of the Han surname. Dong Zhaozhai's "Wang Jiapu" is recorded. Wang Benji, the official surname is Wang, and Wang Pu is an official in the later Han Dynasty. Later, he lived in the home of Prince Deng Ji, and became a relative of four emperors at the prince's expense. He planted three Sophora japonica trees with his own hands and said, "I must be fair in the second half of my life": the three Sophora japonica trees started from Wang Xing Taiyuan. A few years later, this Wang Xing led the troops into the south of the Yangtze River, and later married the barbarians in Guizhou, taking the Han surname. Wang Xing entered many places in Guizhou and Guangxi and became the most popular name. He: Maluhe, there were officials in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In the early Ming Dynasty, Jiangxi entered Guizhou to intermarry with foreigners and merged into Buyi nationality. They had surnames such as, Tunshang, Shuihezhai, Liang, Cao and Chen, and there was a legend that the country was the surname. After entering Guizhou, he married a foreigner and adopted the surname of Han nationality. All the surnames mentioned above think that their ancestors are "Han father and Yi mother". Secondly, according to the surname of things, Wang Xing has another saying: this king is different from other Wang Xing. He didn't have a last name. For men over middle age, he is called "Hug" and everyone hugs XX. Wang Xing was born in the ancient war years. In wartime, when the enemy invaded the territory, ethnic minorities suffered greatly. In order to survive, at that time, more than a dozen people took refuge across the river by boat. None of them had a surname, and none of them were discriminated against by the Han people. The elders on the ship suggested that we all have no surnames and should adopt surnames in case of accidents. Everyone responded that there were sheep on board. In other words, everyone agrees to take sheep as their surname, and some people suggest that it is not appropriate for everyone to share the same surname. Someone asked to cut off the word "sheep", throw away the tail and establish Wang Xing. So, there are two surnames, Wang and Yang. Later, you can choose one of "Yang and Wang" as your surname, and the two surnames of Yang and Wang can be married, which is the root cause. These two surnames have been used for a long time, that is, "Yang" was changed, and they were married to Yang and Wang respectively. Yu, Lu, Lu, Wei and He all take things as their surnames. According to Lu's genealogy, Yu, Lu, Lu, Wei and He are descendants of Temujin (Mongolian). During the reign of Yuan Shundi at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, it was dangerous for nine families to be slandered by Hama. Nine men and one woman were killed by Tie wood blade, and ten brothers and sisters negotiated to escape and take refuge. I started from Beijing and went to Hongqiao, Luoyang Ferry, Tongzhou and the riverside. After that, it was pressed by pursuers and moved to Fengmian Bridge on the bank of Luling River. When he was in danger, he planned to remain anonymous. My brother and sister remembered it and wrote a poem: "Willow branches along the Luling River". Eldest brother changed his iron surname to Jin (the special surname of Jin), and for fear of suspicion from his enemies, he abandoned Jin and took the surname Yu. At that time, because a big carp appeared on the water (called River Ferry, with reeds on the shore), I crossed the river for my brother, which established the surname "Yu". The second brother takes "Lu (Lu)" as his surname; The third brother takes "Wei (Wei)" as his surname; The fourth brother changed his surname to He (He). The following six brothers and sisters are anonymous, in the north. Some descendants of Yu, Lu, Lu, Wei and He entered Nanpanjiang to intermarry with Yi people and adopted male surnames. "Liang" takes the country as his surname. There are also some people who take things as their surnames: that is, their ancestors did not have surnames, ancient ethnic minorities refused to accept Wang Hua, and the Han Dynasty sent troops to suppress them. Those who submit to the court must have surnames. Once, the enemy chased several people and it rained heavily. Several people ran away with umbrellas, and the enemy pranced to catch up and asked, what's your name? One of them used his quick wits to take an umbrella (called "Liang" in Buyi language) as his surname. The suitor gave up his surname after listening, so later generations took Liang Li's surname. In the survey, the names Ai and Xie also have allusions. Ai Yihao is the surname, Ai is the homonym of "ngaaih" in Buyi language, and Xie takes "xeeh" as the surname. According to legend, almost all the people who live in this place are foreigners. Zhegu Yuanlu had original surnames such as "Lu" and "Hou". That is, taking "ndongl" as the surname, then gradually becoming a surname of Lu and Hou, and evolving into "enriching the people", which is the difference between "enriching the people" and "reinforcing that" today. The surname "Lu" and "Hou" no longer exists. Has been incorporated into other surnames. But they are all named after things. Third, imitate surnames. Due to ancient historical reasons, ethnic migration, ethnic discrimination and the continuous integration of foreign nationalities and indigenous people have led to the extension of Han surnames and the emergence of Buyi surnames based on things. However, there are still quite a few people without surnames. However, the emergence of surnames has greatly promoted the political, economic and cultural exchanges between ethnic groups, and Buyi people are deeply influenced by China culture. Surrender to the imperial court has become a political situation, and with it, the situation in which Buyi people learn from Han people to govern places has basically formed a model. So families without surnames followed suit. There are not many surnames of Buyi people in Xingren and surrounding areas. So far, the Buyi people in Xingren County have only more than 20 surnames. Except for the historical significance of Chinese characters in the extension of China's surname, others generally do not contain the original meaning of Chinese characters. Such as Wang, Yang, Yu, Lu, Lu, Wei, He, Liang, Ai and Xie. Wang means sheep, Yu means fish, Lu and Wei mean reeds, He means river, Liang means umbrella, Ai means wormwood and Xie means camp. In the past, Buyi people did not pay much attention to the meaning of words when establishing surnames and surnames, so they all used ordinary surnames, and most of them only stressed rather than stressed. In the Ming Dynasty, Buyi people generally had surnames, which is the origin of Buyi surnames. Buyi people have surnames, but there is still no word generation. Buyi people have word generations, all during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Although Qianlong used to have a surname, there was no fixed word generation, and they were all called "Bao". "Baoming" of Buyi nationality has different meanings in different periods. Before there is no surname, it contains the meaning of surname and word generation; In fact, there are no generations. Taking the ancestor who migrated and settled as the ancestor, all ancestors recorded in the genealogy were called "Bao" in turn. Since Qinggan Uplift, Buyi people have generally compiled genealogy. From then on, the meaning of "hug" is limited to the honorific title of middle-aged men. Today, when the Mohs hold funerals for Buyi people, they still use "Bao Guang XXX" when addressing men above middle age, but only address middle-aged women's surnames, such as "Ya Nang X" without addressing their names, that is, they are not famous or called. In recent years, genealogy began to take surnames. Therefore, the word "one generation" does not occupy a decisive position among Buyi women. Even before liberation, almost all Buyi people did not change their "scientific names" for female surnames. The scientific names of Buyi women's surnames are all common after 1950. This is also the result of the leadership of the * * * production party, which overthrew the feudal system for thousands of years and the Chinese nation achieved equality between men and women. Buyi women's surnames enjoy the same rights as the people of the whole country and have entered the era of socialist civilization. Buyi people only have a written generation of about 250 years. The word generation of Buyi people: generally arranged in the form of poems, the number of words is twelve, sixteen, twenty-four, twenty-eight, thirty-four and forty. The content includes loyalty to the country, submission to the imperial court, founding the country to ensure peace, and living and working in peace. There is also the pursuit of inheriting the glory of our ancestors and seeking prosperity for all generations. The genealogy of some surnames is copied from the investigation as follows: Wang Xing: (1) Wax gourd: there is a constant dynasty, the founding of the country, brilliant, rich and prosperous; (2) General Manager: Zheng Wan 'an Yuanfa, Zhong Ming Yong Jichang … (3) Sha Guozhai: Chao Zheng Han Shiyong, all nations are determined by astronomy …; (4) Fengdu: Jinzhi is blessed. He was promoted by Bi, and he managed the country well. He was righteous in the temple and chose Xuanyuan. The above-mentioned (1)(2)(3)(4) originally belonged to the same family name, and later moved to other places, so each generation compiled a family tree, which caused future generations to be confused about their own generation. For the sake of unity, they are compiled according to the youngest generation that has been born: Zu Huancan, Hua Weilong, Zerui Qi Hongsheng, De Taiping, Xiang Da Fan Shengyuan. (5), below the mountain: Lin Chengfu is in the same place, the court is great, the four should be bright, and the fragrance will make it glorious. Wang Xing, Daxinzhai: There is a flood in the country, and Wen Yuan is thriving and ambitious ....................................................................................................................................................... Cen Shi: (1) Zara and Shao Guangxing are the imperial court for protecting the country, long live Rong Yue, and the meaning of literature and poetry is in the clouds. (2) Partridge Garden: It is necessary to blend with Zhaowei, develop the branches of spring flowers, welcome the phoenix forever, and receive Yuan songs like a play, which is useful to the court. Liang surname: (1) China literature pioneer, prosperous and upright, heaven is in the DPRK. (2) Tunshang: Be bright with your precious sky, be gracious in writing, be constantly enlightened by the imperial court, and fight against Hongcheng with historical records. (3) Shibanhe: Yuan Zhishao initiated Confucianism in the Han Dynasty, and Tian Heng was a loyal minister, who sat in the imperial court for generations. (4) loyalty, to learn thinking, the court is constant and shows, and the official rule accounts for Hongcheng. Cao Shi of Shuihezhai: Feng, Min Xingen, De Deng Renshou, Fu, Yuan Jilian, Yong Jiaqing. Zeng's surname: Tian Qiyong, who knew that Beijing had a wide camp and was always elected in Beijing, and stabilized the court. Fang Dangyang's family: loyal to business, should be prosperous in heaven, calm and secure in officials, peaceful and prosperous, long-term international evolution, far from morality, Ren Xusheng King Kong. Meng's family: Yongchang is rich, his ancestors are kind and long, his virtue is flourishing again, and his beauty is famous from generation to generation. Yao court is famous, and great scholars come out. Yu Shi: (1) Heaven upholds the DPRK. If there is a big country in the DPRK, it will show its national prestige and be harmonious through the ages. (2) Dong Qingshu: Learn virtue at first, build a country into a river, be straight and grow rich, and bless Ding. Chen's surname: (1) Literally became Manlian, ruling first, loyalty and ambition in the Ming Dynasty, and Guanghua was the ancestor of heaven. (2) Preserving the virtuous, enriching the country and making people smooth, making the officials virtuous and peaceful, and prolonging the life of the five elements. The surname of the dutiful son Yu Kuantun is: (1), Yun of the Han Dynasty, and Hong Yingting. (2), waterwheel: Hold the eternal ambition, the court is righteous, learn from Feng Cai, and occupy the national glory forever. He Shi: Long Xinglian, Yong Yansan, the founding of the People's Republic of China, the courtier stone … Luan. A surname: Wen Yuanguang Shengshi ... has always been famous for its wisdom. In his research, Confucius and Mencius flourished and the population flourished. A certain Yang surname: Yong Huarong, rich and prosperous, kind and rich, standing in the middle of all generations. What is the surname at the foot of the slope: Chen Guangzhan went to court, and the country was Yongming Ke; Mao surname: Tiancheng Zhengguode, Deng Yongchang An Chao. Pan surname: ... Huang surname: ... Li surname: ... Among all surnames, the generation characters are not uniform, and there are generally clan divisions. A family has several genealogies, but they all originated in one place. Genealogy is only a general textual research, which mainly depends on whether the words for escorting the deceased are the same. Judging from the characters used in Buyi genealogy, so far, almost all of them are around ten. Since then, it is beyond reproach to compile genealogy during the Qianlong period. Judging from the surname and genealogy of Buyi people in Xingren County, Buyi people were influenced by Chinese culture earlier than other ethnic minorities. It is difficult to determine the earliest dynasty because there are not many words to prove it. Judging from surnames, at least in the Han Dynasty, it was influenced by China culture. With the gradual deepening of the Tang and Song Dynasties, Buyi people began to learn Chinese culture and receive Chinese education in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, more people read Han books. Some of them won the imperial examinations. Han culture is developing more and more among Buyi people. After the Qing Dynasty, many villages in Buyi area established Chinese schools. After the school was established in the village, most of the teachers in the school were native-born intellectuals, and a few were invited Han intellectuals. During the Republic of China, some big villages also set up primary schools. There are also many Buyi children who go to cities to study in primary and secondary schools. On the eve of liberation, there were already primary and secondary school graduates among Buyi people, and the children of rich families also entered provincial universities. After liberation, China's culture and education have penetrated into every family of Buyi people. Buyi women, old and young, have their own names, and the term ethnic generation has been widely used. The word generation embodies the equality between men and women of Buyi nationality, and the surname and word generation also affect all ethnic minorities, which has played a positive role in promoting national unity and promoting the progress of all ethnic groups. Although the surname and word generation of Buyi people are fixed in history, they are not immutable. Knowledgeable people imitate writers and famous artists, using aliases and abandoning surnames. Some people use single names or aliases instead of word generations, but overall, there are few changes. Buyi people widely use surnames and word generations. To sum up, the surname and word generation of Buyi people in Xingren County have gone through several steps: from no surname to surname, from no word generation to word generation, from the use of genealogy by men to the equal use of surname and word generation by men and women.