Rudra, formerly known as the God of Reproduction and the God of Vedic Storm in Indus civilization, has dual characters of reproduction and destruction, creation and destruction, and presents various strange and grotesque faces, mainly including Linga, terror, gentleness, superman, three faces, dancing king, Lord of glass, Lord of half women and Linga (male root).
Like many mythical gods, Shiva's sex is not fixed because of her omnipotence, but changes at any time according to different phases.
Basic introduction Chinese name: Shiva mbth: Shiva status: one of the basic symbols of Hindu Trinity God: Linga stands for meaning: schools of the god of destruction: Shiva, zombies, Mercury, religious legends, image characteristics, weapons, family, wife, shooting Cupid, Shiva, Shiva, Kashmir Shiva, zombies, sexism, etc. Lingyada School, Caparica School, related cultures, Shiva Festival, Shiva Dance, Shiva Temple, China Ruins, Shiva and Brahma, and Vishnu are the three major Hindu gods. Shiva's position is destroyer, with dual characters of reproduction and destruction, creation and destruction. The ten states of Shiva, the god of dance, are creator, defender and melter. In this state, God exerts its three main attributes (sifat): germination, maintenance and melting. This trinity state corresponds to the trinity of Vedanta: Brahma (creator), Vishnu (defender) and Shiva (Mahesh, destroyer). Sufism is synonymous with Afridgar, Parvardigar and Fanakar. According to religious legend, the Hindu god Shiva is the god of destruction, and his myth is contained in two epics, Brahma, Upanishads and books of the past. It is said that he has a strong ability to subdue demons, and the third eye on his forehead can spray a divine fire that destroys everything. He once burned down three demon cities and seduced his god of love, and was called the destroyer of the three demon cities. When the gods and Asura stirred up a sea of milk, he swallowed the poison that could destroy the world, and his neck was burned to a bluish black color, which earned him the name of blue neck. Hinduism believes that "destruction" means "regeneration", so Linga, the male genitalia representing reproductive ability, is a symbol of its creativity and is worshipped by sexologists and Shiva. Shiva is the god of asceticism. She practiced asceticism all the year round in the Kippu Mountain in the Himalayas, and gained the most profound knowledge and magical power through the strictest asceticism and the most thorough meditation. He is also the god of dance, creating a dance that combines rigidity and softness, and is known as the king of dance. He is the commander-in-chief of monsters, and all monsters obey him. His wife is the goddess of snow mountain, and his two sons are Skanda and Ganes. The former is the commander-in-chief of the heavenly soldiers and generals, and the latter is the little god who serves Shiva. Shiva's image is depicted as having three eyes and four hands, holding three forks, a snail, a pitcher, a drum and so on. He was dressed in animal fur, covered with gray, decorated with a crescent moon on his head, and his hair was trumpet-shaped with the symbol of the Ganges River. Legend has it that the Ganges fell on his head for the first time when it descended to earth, and seven roads flowed to the earth with a snake around its neck. The mount is a big white cow. His stories are scattered in various documents. His followers regard him as the highest god, with eight incarnations: earth, water, fire, wind, air, sun, moon and sacrifices, which can be created in addition to destruction. According to Buddhist documents, he lives in the zenith and is the master of the three thousand realms. Shiva lives in Quelaza Mountain (Kalash Mountain, the holy mountain of Rinpochen, Arigang, Tibet, China). His rider is Nan Di the bull, and his princess is Palva Qi, the goddess of snow mountain, also called Uma (Umā, bright and beautiful). Shiva's spouse originated from India's mother goddess. Like Shiva, she has both reproductive and destructive characters, showing different faces of gentleness and terror. The image of Parvati or Uma is a charming and delicate wife. Another image of Shiva's spouse Durgā is a beautiful and ferocious nemesis who once killed the buffalo monster Mohist on behalf of the gods. There is also the image of Carly (Kal:, the Black Goddess), who looks ferocious and loves blood sacrifice, which is pure death terror. Ganes, the son of Shiva and Parvati, is a lovely elephant god, while Skanda, the other son, is a brave and just great and handsome god of war. Skanda is the Buddha Wei Tuo, the protector of Buddhism. Bodhisattva: Brahma's name is Brahma, Bali's name is Khan Da, and it is also called General Wei and General. It turned out that he was the god of war of Brahmanism, with six heads and twelve arms, holding a bow and arrow and riding a peacock. The belief in worshipping Wei Tuo was first popular in South India, and spread to North India after the 5th century. Attracted by Mahayana Buddhism as the patron saint, he was one of the eight generals who grew up in the south and ranked first among the thirty-two generals under the four heavenly kings. Wei Tuo was born smart and left the dust very early. Later, he converted to Buddhism and became a protector. Legend has it that Daoxuan, a lawyer in the Tang Dynasty, once met with Heaven and Man, saying that the Southern King had a general Wei, so he thought he appeared to protect the law, wearing armor, standing with his hands crossed and a pestle on his arm. From then on, the statue of Bodhisattva and the body of General Tian began to stand in the Dojo of China. The name "Shiva" appeared in the Hindu era, and its prototype is usually regarded as rudra, the god of storms in the Vedic era. Shiva, also translated as Shiva, means kindness, symbolizing prosperity and auspiciousness, and at the same time symbolizing destruction. According to Buddhist documents, he lives in the zenith and is the master of the three thousand realms. There are eight cycles of earth, water, fire, wind, air, sun, moon and sacrifice, which have the power of destruction and regeneration. Shiva's image has three eyes and four arms, and she can easily observe every part of the world. Compared with other well-dressed gods, Shiva's dress is out of place. His face is dignified and handsome, his skin color is extremely light, he has long blue-black hair as confused as an ascetic, his head is decorated with Ganges and crescent moon, and a skeleton necklace is hung around his neck; The upper body is half naked, the lower body is wrapped in a tiger skin, and the whole body is wrapped in cobras, holding tridents and bows and arrows, wandering between ghost graves. When he showed his horror, all life in the universe trembled for it. Therefore, it is called "Ghost King". In addition, Shiva has a more common image-Linga. Linga is a male genitalia, symbolizing regeneration. According to legend, Shiva didn't care about creating the world with Brahma at first, and went to the seabed to practice alone. As a result, when she went out to sea, she found that everything in the world was arranged. In anger, he cut off his genitals and threw them into the world. Since then, Indians have worshipped Linga. Although the name of the god of destruction sounds terrible, Shiva is an all-powerful god-he is the ancestor of Indian dance, so he is also called the "God of Dance". Shiva can dance 108 kinds of dances, which can be divided into two types: feminine and vigorous. He likes dancing when he is happy or sad, either alone or with his wife. Usually Shiva dances in the ring of fire, with her hair flying upwards, one foot standing on the dwarf who represents ignorance, and the other leg and hand twisting in the air, dancing gracefully and beautifully. Its right hand holds a drum, symbolizing life; The flame is held in the palm of the left hand, symbolizing destruction. So in Shiva's hands, two elements of creation and destruction are mastered. Dance not only symbolizes the glory of Shiva, but also symbolizes the eternal movement of the universe, which is to make the universe immortal. At the end of an old era, he will also complete the destruction of the world by dancing Tandawa and return the world to the spirit of the universe. Shiva, as the god of destruction and destruction, is naturally the most powerful among the gods. He practiced yoga hard all the year round at Kippu Peak in the Himalayas, and gained the most profound knowledge and magical wisdom through the strictest asceticism and the most thorough meditation. At the same time, he also has a powerful army, and all the soldiers are made up of terrible demons. And the third eye on his forehead is a more terrible weapon than a nuclear bomb. This eye is always closed. Once opened, it will spew out the angry fire of Conan the destroyer and destroy everything it sees. Even god is not immune. It was this eye that burned the goddess of love who seduced Shiva. Shiva is also full of self-sacrifice spirit. When the goddess of the Ganges came down from the snowy mountain kingdom, Shiva personally touched the water with her head to prevent the water from flooding all beings, and let the constant river flow through his hair for thousands of years and then flow to the world after buffering. In addition, Shiva's mount is a white bull, and the trident in her hand is a symbol of lightning, which can drive away the storm; The black bow and arrow on the back can spread the plague. The cobra wrapped around it can quickly rush to feed the enemy. With these magical weapons, Shiva fought everywhere, killed countless demons and destroyed Sanliancheng in Asura. Shiva, like Shiva of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, USA, is the most complicated and double-faced of the Hindu gods. He has a dual character of good and evil, and his temperament is both violent and gentle. Accept the "living sacrifice" as the ferocious and terrible "devil king" and accept the worship as the loving and enthusiastic "Lord of ten thousand people"; It is not only a symbol of wisdom, but also an idol of fools, an avenger and protector, an energetic ideal man, and an ascetic monk who has no desire or desire. Start a competition, catch and destroy anyone, and his anger will make the whole universe tremble; Gentle, and * * * strong sense of color, giving people rich benefits. If you describe him in one sentence, it is: absolutely strong, absolutely cool! In addition to the above identities, Shiva has many functions and avatars. He rules storms and lightning, giving medicine and health. He is the god of beasts, representing fertility; He is also the god of wisdom and generosity, the Lord of singing and sacrifice. Shiva, as the most powerful god in Hinduism, has an unparalleled lofty position beyond 333 million Hindu gods and overlooking all life in the world. Shiva's strange contradictory charm, evil-doing, deviant philosophy, arrogant and withdrawn character, and madness of abandoning everything have made him an important role in many literary and artistic works. He symbolizes the mysterious and violent power of nature, and his simple and capricious and unfathomable personality has fascinated countless believers. Hindu devotees of Shiva regard him as the highest god in the universe, and he is the most widely worshipped god among the bottom people in India. Image Features Shiva Temple Among the existing icons in Hinduism, the most important and famous one is the bronze statue of Shiva, which was cast in Jura era and is called Natalo, meaning the king of dance or the king of dancers. This image was created in great quantities in the Jura era and continued in South India until the12nd century. In Hindu statues, Shiva usually dresses up as a yoga ascetic, covered in gray, with a vertebral bun, a crescent moon hanging from her head, a long snake hanging from her neck, a string of skeletons hanging from her chest, tiger skin hanging from her waist, and a trident, axe, tambourine, stick or doe in four hands. He has a third eye on his forehead, which can blow out the torch of God and burn everything to ashes. It is said that Kama, the goddess of love, interfered with Shiva's asceticism. Shiva's torch in the third eye burned the goddess of love to death, but she didn't die, just lost her body, so love is invisible. Shiva is portrayed as a heavenly dance that creates and destroys the world. His hair fluttered wildly with the dance and the rhythm of the hourglass drum in his right hand. Complementing this moment of creation is the simultaneous destruction of the universe, symbolized by the flame around the ring and the single flame in Shiva's left hand. This single flame turns everything into nothingness: just in balance with the drum of creation in his right hand. The right hand at the bottom indicates that he wants to comfort his followers and make a reassuring and fearless gesture to bless them. A further blessing is "gaja hasta" on the left hand side below. This "flag" gesture consists of hanging fingers stroking the trunk, pointing to the left foot leaning from behind the ignorant dwarf. This symbolic gesture can free believers from the suffering of Maya. Among many other interesting details, there is a skeleton decorated with this crown and a crescent moon, which symbolizes that Shiva appeared in the universe in stages and even hid. In his bun mixed with the ashes of the deceased, Shiva descended from the sky and inherited the Ganges, a miniature of the Ganges goddess standing on his right hair. She is a half-blood mermaid, with a female upper body and a mokaro lower body. This symbolic meaning is endless. For Shiva believers, this icon explains the sympathy and power of this dance to create and destroy the universe. Weapon Shiva's greatest weapon is the third eye on her forehead. This eye can send out divine fire and destroy everything in the universe. In the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata of ancient India, it is recorded that Shiva once destroyed three giant castles in space with the divine fire from the third eye. At the end of every cosmic period, Shiva will open his third eye, and all gods, people and animals in the universe will be destroyed by his divine fire. Besides the eyes that can emit divine fire, Shiva has other types of weapons, that is, a trident called Binaka and a bow called Jia Jia Wa. There are not many records about the latter two, usually only know that Binaka is a symbol of lightning, which means Shiva is the god of storms. Shiva Swallows Poisons In Indian mythology, although the life span of God is longer than that of mortals, after all, God is born and dies. The gods have been troubled by this problem, and then they had a fierce dispute with Asura. In order to mediate this dispute, Brahma consulted with Asura and the gods, and decided that Qi Xin would work together to stir up the sea, making it an elixir of life-sumo. Later, the gods and Asura succeeded in sumo wrestling in the milk sea (because the sea has been stirred into a milk sea), but in the end, they were responsible for binding the highest mountain in the universe-Mount Sumi to stir the sea. When the gods were helpless, they decided to turn to Shiva, the great god, for help. Shiva could not bear to make all beings suffer, so she had to swallow the poison into her mouth abruptly. Poisonous juice flowed through Shiva's throat and burned Shiva's neck to a bluish black color. So Shiva is also called "Ni Laquintat" by Indians, which means blue neck. Shiva's first wife was Sadie, who threw herself into the fire because she was dissatisfied with her father Dasha's insult to Shiva. Shiva was heartbroken to learn that his wife committed suicide to humiliate herself. Shiva, heartbroken, killed Dasha, her father-in-law, beheaded her, set fire to the sky, and danced in the fire, intending to destroy the world. In order to protect the world, Vishnu used magic against Shiva, and cut Sadi's body into fifty pieces and scattered them in the three realms. Brahma also came forward to make peace with him. Shiva was disheartened and decided to live in seclusion in the Himalayas. Sadie was incarnated as the daughter of the Himalayas after her death (according to one legend, Shiva's wife is Tippi in the combination of three goddesses, and Sadie and parvati are two of Tippi's four incarnations. The other two identities are difficult mom and time mom. After countless efforts, Shiva, a giant statue sculpture in Bangalore, finally changed her mind and remarried her after losing her ex-wife Sadie. One hundred years later, the Snow Mountain Goddess gave birth to a son Kumoro, also known as Skanda, for Shiva in this long period, and the other son was the Ganges Goddess, the wife of Ganesh, the elephant god, symbolizing the Ganges, the greatest holy river in India. She is well-groomed, with three eyes and four arms, wearing a white sari, wearing a crown, holding a lotus flower and a kettle, sitting on the crocodile and lotus flower symbolizing the river. In Rigveda, the name of the Ganges was mentioned only twice, but in the history book period, the goddess of the Ganges gradually became an extremely important goddess. Legend has it that the Ganges water is the outer shell of the universe, which was pierced by the feet of Vishnu, the dwarf incarnation, and then flowed into the three realms from outside the universe. According to scripture, Ganges is the daughter of Palva Taru Ajia, the king of hills, so she is the sister of parvati, the wife of Shiva. The arrival of the Ganges is a very famous myth in India. Sagar, King of Ayutthaya, was a great monarch. He had no children, so his long-term penance touched Shiva, and he was given 60,000 sons. When these 60,000 sons grew up, sagar decided to hold a horse festival, which would make people invincible like the Emperor of Heaven. Indra, the emperor of heaven, was afraid that the great king would seize his throne after the successful sacrifice, so he stole the horse for the horse sacrifice. Indra took the horse to the underworld, put it beside the Great Sage capra who was meditating, and then left. Prince 60,000 searched the whole earth but couldn't find a horse, so he dug a hole and went to the underground world. They found a horse beside Saint capra, so they decided that Saint was the one who stole the horse, and they began to beat the Saint who was meditating. This atrocity angered the sage, who burned all 60 thousand princes to ashes with his divine fire. Narujada, a wandering saint, told Prince Sagar that he had been burned to death. The great king prayed to Saint capra to forgive his son, so the Saint suggested that he bring the Ganges River to the world. If his son is washed by the water of Ganges, he will be able to resurrect and wash away all his sins. So the great king passed the throne to his only surviving son and went to the forest to practice penance himself, but because he died soon, he could not come to the Ganges. His son passed on the throne to the next generation of Prince Dalip. Although Prince Dalip has two wives, he has no son. He prayed for the blessing of Shiva and gave birth to a son named Bagai Irua. Bagai Yiruat was ugly, but when he was an adult, he met a saint and became very handsome. He held all kinds of asceticism to the gods and prayed piously for a long time. Finally, Shiva and the Ganges goddess were moved by him and decided to come to earth. But Baguiruyat is worried that the impact of the Ganges will cause the earth to collapse. The great god Shiva decided to catch the Ganges with his head to reduce the impact of the river on the earth. The Ganges River is divided into three parts. She fell into Shiva's bun sitting in the Himalayas, and then Shiva allowed some of it to flow to the world. Bagai Yiruat blew the conch given to him by Vishnu, led the Ganges River to the sea, and then introduced it into the underground world from the sea. The 60,000 prince was resurrected because of the washing of the Ganges. When the Ganges River flows to the earth and underground, all beings in the sky also pray for Brahma to bring the Ganges River to the sky. They also need Ganges water to purify their sins. For this reason, Brahma promised them to leave part of the Ganges in heaven. Therefore, the Ganges River is called Mandak Li in the sky, Ganges River on earth and Bagui Yiruti in the underground. The Ganges River plays an extremely important role in scripture. The Book of the Past claims that whether you see, touch or recite the name of the Ganges, you can wash away your sins. Those who bathe in the Ganges can get the highest blessing. Not only can you bathe in the sacred river and be born in heaven, but you can also be born in heaven by leaving your hair and bones in the Ganges after death. The area where the Ganges River flows is also considered a sacred place. Until now, the cremation by the Ganges is considered the most auspicious by Indians, who throw the burnt bones into the sacred river, thinking that this can help the dead get rid of it. The Ganges water is regarded as extremely sacred by Indians. Any Indian with Ganges water in his hand is afraid to tell lies, which shows the importance of his position. Shiva, who shot the goddess of love, fell in love with the goddess of snow mountain as early as tens of thousands of years ago. At that time, the goddess of snow mountain was Sadie, daughter of Dasha, son of Brahma. Sadie and Shiva lived a stable and carefree life, but later, something broke their beautiful life. It is said that Sadie's father Dasha once held a grand banquet, inviting almost all the gods of the universe, except Shiva. Sadie is very dissatisfied with this. She personally attended the argument with her father, but God insulted Shiva. Sadie was heartbroken. She blamed herself very much, thinking that she had humiliated Shiva, so she set herself on fire. When Shiva learned that his wife had committed suicide for him, she was heartbroken and decided to live in seclusion in the Himalayas. Ten thousand years later, the dead Sadie was reincarnated as the goddess of snow mountain. Because of the eschatology, the Snow Mountain Goddess still loves Shiva deeply, but Shiva has become an ascetic monk who has nothing to ask for and is indifferent to her love. The goddess of Snow Mountain had to turn to the goddess of love, Gamma, for help. One day, the goddess of snow mountain, who loved Shiva deeply, went to the Himalayas to pay homage to him as usual. At this time, the goddess of love Gamma held a bow made of sugar cane, bees and butterflies, picked up an arrow made of flowers and shot it at Shiva's heart. After the arrow was shot, Shiva suddenly became attached to the goddess of snow mountain in front of her. Just after the job was done, Shiva found out that it was the god of love, Gama, who tried to get him out of asceticism and fall in love again. The third eye on his forehead suddenly opened, emitting a divine fire that could destroy everything in the universe and burn the goddess gamma to ashes, but the goddess gamma did not die because of it, but became an invisible god in the future. Therefore, the goddess Gama is called "invisible" by Indians. Shiva, one of the Hindu sects, regards Shiva as the highest god. It originated very early, and according to the existing literature, this school had considerable influence in the Guishuang Dynasty in the second century BC. Buddhist scriptures often depict pagans who worship nature or nature, or pagans who use skulls as jewelry. These belong to Shiva practitioners. Believers of this Sect draw three horizontal lines on their foreheads, chests and wrists with gray or white sandalwood and saffron. This constellation is called Tripu. Among the schools of modern Hinduism, this school and Vishnu are the most powerful. Factions From the 6th century to the 7th century, the Shiva Sect split into several factions, with its own unique scriptures and theology, among which seven are more important, as follows: Shiva Sect (-siddhānta): this school is particularly popular in Tamil, South India, with 28 scriptures such as Kāmikāgama. This theological school divides the world into three principles: priority (pati), livestock (pa) and rope (pāsorry). "Lord" is the supreme master Shiva; "Livestock" is an individual; "Rope" is a non-spiritual substance. I am pure, far from all pollution, but I am trapped in the reincarnation world because of ignorance, karma and delusion. Thanks to the grace of Shiva, we have magical power and liberation. There are many saints in this school. The most famous are Zhuo Yifeng in the 7th century, Bondar in Nie Na and Sundara in the 8th or 9th century. These three people are often called "Three Saints". And Manikaba Cakar was also an important figure in the 10 century. They are full of ardent faith and love for Shiva, and hymns written in Tamil have been compiled into hymns such as Tibaram or Tilbachakan, which are still loved by people today. The academic achievements of this school in theology are well known in the book Xia Bai Ba Xia, which is a book explaining Sanskrit. Shiva in Kashmir is particularly popular in Kashmir, formerly known as "Tolica". The scriptures were originally the same as the Shiva School, but since the Shiva Sutra was written by Basgupta in the 9th century, this school tends to emphasize monism, and then the disciples of Basgupta, Bata Carrada and SOMA Nando, laid the theological foundation. This school thinks that the reincarnated individual is exactly the same as the absolute (the highest Shiva); We sink into the reincarnation world because we are ignorant and can't realize that we are the same as Shiva. So liberation is nothing more than overcoming ignorance and re-recognizing one's identity. Therefore, this school is generally called the "cognitive school". The famous figure of this school is Abby Na Ba Gupta in 10 century. He not only annotated some sacred texts, but also wrote theological works, as well as extremely systematic aesthetic masterpieces such as poetry, drama and music. Beastmaster School (Pa): The founder of PA, Zu Lacris Shah (date of birth and death unknown), is the 28th incarnation of Shiva, and once wrote the Basupada Sutra. Cavendish made a detailed annotation on this passage. This school has five principles: cause and effect, yoga, fatwa (ritual) and the end of pain. "Cause" refers to Shiva; "Result" refers to me; "Yoga" refers to the integration of Shiva and the individual; "Fatwa" refers to Shiva's practice method of uniting with the individual. The characteristics of this school of practice are: deliberately doing strange things that the world does not want to do. Sex school): Take Pietro's holy book. Mercury Sect: This Sect believes that Mercury is the elixir of life produced by the combination of Shiva and his concubine. Taking mercury and practicing yoga can get relief before death. Liāyata (alias Vila Shiva, V ra-Sorrow and Stasis): This school originated in Basava in the12nd century, especially in Kalunadaka. Believers of this Sect often carry the symbol of Shiva, Lingjia, attach importance to God's favor, deny the class system, and abolish formal ceremonies such as idolatry and sightseeing. Caparica Sect Caparica Sect (Kāpālika): The followers of this Sect string human bones into headdresses and pursue a unique practice method. Xuanzang, a Tang priest who visited India in the 7th century, witnessed the practitioners of this sect. Such characters often appear in Sanskrit operas in the Middle Ages. Related culture Shiva Festival Shiva Festival Hindu Festival. It is set on the third night of the second half of May in the Indian calendar (July and August in the solar calendar), which is Shiva's birthday. Shiva is one of the great gods of Hinduism. During the celebration, people will read poems praising Shiva in Shiva Temple and worship Shiva Lingjia (the male genitalia of Shiva). Because Shiva advocates asceticism, believers express their piety by abstinence and penance. Shiva Dance Shiva holds the cycle of the world, and his dance not only indicates extinction but also breeds rebirth. When he danced, his hair fluttered wildly with his dance and danced with the rhythm of the hourglass drum with his right hand raised above his head. This rhythm is the sound of the heartbeat of the universe (Maya), which is produced by the good deeds of the dance of creation. The universe itself is represented as a halo around this god, which comes from the breeding mouth of Mocaro on the pedestal of the statue. This creative moment is accompanied by the simultaneous destruction of the universe, symbolizing the flame on the edge of the halo and the single flame held by the god in his left hand. This single flame turns everything into nothingness: just in balance with the drum of creation in God's right hand. The right hand at the bottom indicates that he wants to comfort his followers by making a reassuring and fearless gesture and prepare to pray. Further confirm that the blessing is the blessing of hasta on the left hand below. This "flag" gesture consists of hanging fingers simulating the trunk, pointing to the left foot that really bounces off the back of the ignorant dwarf. This symbolic gesture gives believers hope to get rid of the suffering of the Mayans. Shiva Temple was built in Dubai Square in Kathmandu. Shiva Temple is a three-story and nine-story building. Shiva Temple was built during the malla dynasty period from 65438 to 0690, mainly dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. Shiva is the god of destruction and is worshipped by Nepalese. Shiva temples or temples dedicated to Shiva and its incarnation can be seen everywhere in Kathmandu Valley. Shiva and his spouse goddess in the temple stood by the upstairs window, looking down at the pedestrians below. This temple was built by Bahadur Shah, son of Prithvi narayan Shah, at the end of 18. There is no record of Shiva in the Yuan Dynasty literature about the China site of Shiva Temple. Since 1930s, especially in recent years, more than 200 Yuan Dynasty Shiva square carvings have been found in Quanzhou many times. At the end of 1984, scholars found a Shiva stone carving near the wall of Tonghuaimen, Quanzhou. The stone is rectangular with a volume of 47×57×22 cm, and the stone is diabase. Its main part is carved into a house-shaped square niche, with a bell-shaped pattern in the center, a lion's head on the roof, multiple overlapping lotus columns carved on the left and right sides under the house, and a tower-shaped grinding disc carved in the middle of the niche to support the blooming lotus. There is an idol on the left and right of the tower-shaped millstone, wearing a crown, a rosary on the neck and a bracelet on the wrist, and sitting on the lotus seat in the same posture. The god here should be Shiva or his followers, the Hindu god of destruction, and the tower-shaped millstone in the niche should be the most basic incarnation of Shiva Linga (male root). Shiva believes that destruction must be followed by creation. Although Shiva is the god of destruction, she also has the ability to create; Linga is its symbol. This stone carving belongs to the external decoration of Shiva's building and is often embedded in the top of the inner hall. Wu Wenliang collected similar niche stones in the early 1950s. Shiva was found in Quanzhou.