Intellectual deficiency caused by iodine deficiency, like other intellectual deficiencies, is a manifestation of brain dysfunction, and it is difficult to reach the normal level. Mild mental retardation, if it can be found early and received special education, can make him reach the level of primary school graduation. Only after strict training can these patients improve their adaptability to life, master some simple labor skills and become "self-reliant workers". Long-term practical experience shows that it is impossible to restore the intellectual execution of iodine deficiency patients to normal level through treatment. Therefore, active prevention of iodine deficiency disorders is of great significance to the national economy and people's livelihood.
2. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of mental retardation.
Some diseases, such as hereditary diseases, congenital metabolic abnormalities, consanguineous marriage, brain damage caused by labor injury and acquired diseases, iodine deficiency, etc., can lead to mental disability. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause. Among the 1.0 1.7 million children with mental disabilities in China, 80% are due to iodine deficiency. Every year, 20 million newborns are born in China, of which 6 million are in iodine-deficient areas. According to the average IQ loss of 6.5438+0.35 million percentage points caused by iodine deficiency, if iodine deficiency is not prevented, more than 80 million potential quotients will be lost every year, which shows the serious impact on population quality.
3. The harm of iodine deficiency to infants.
Infants and young children are in the second critical period of brain development. Like the fetus, it is extremely sensitive to iodine deficiency. If the fetus is severely iodine deficient until infancy, it is bound to develop into a typical cretinism patient. If children's iodine deficiency is mild, there may be mild cretinism syndrome spectrum, and their intelligence and growth and development are backward. There is less goiter. Infants and fetuses are one of the target groups to evaluate the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders.
4. Brain development is inseparable from iodine.
It is generally believed that high intelligence means whether the brain works well or not. If the brain develops normally and healthily, it will be easy to use, and people will appear smart and have high intelligence; If the brain is underdeveloped or defective, it will damage the intellectual ability, leading to mental retardation and even disability. Of course, the brain is not easy to use.
Scientific research has found that the human brain has two vigorous stages of development and differentiation during fetal development, namely the most vulnerable stage, also known as the "fragile stage". First, at the gestational age 10- 18 weeks, embryonic nerve cells proliferate, develop, differentiate and migrate to form a brain; Second, more than 3 months before death to 2 years after birth, which is the main stage of brain development.
The development of the brain needs the promotion of thyroxine, otherwise the slow or incomplete development of the brain will affect the development of intelligence.
The metabolism of pregnant women is strengthened, which increases the demand for thyroxine, coupled with the demand of the fetus, which further increases the demand for iodine raw materials for synthesizing thyroxine. If there is iodine deficiency in the environment at this time and it cannot be replenished in time, it is easy to cause iodine deficiency in fetuses and fetuses during pregnancy. This is even worse for the fetus, because at this time, the fetus is at a disadvantage in the process of mother and child competing for iodine. This will inevitably lead to low or insufficient fetal thyroid function, which will damage the development and proportion of the nervous system and brain, cause brain hypoplasia or defects, seriously affect intellectual development, and lead to mental retardation, mental retardation or intellectual disability.
Basic knowledge of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders
In order to better popularize the scientific knowledge of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders, mobilize the whole society to participate in the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders, and realize the goal of completely eliminating iodine deficiency disorders in our county, our bureau specially published the Wall Newspaper of Basic Knowledge of Prevention and Treatment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders.
1, iodine deficiency disorders
Iodine deficiency is a group of diseases caused by iodine deficiency in natural environment. It includes endemic goiter, cretinism and sub-cretinism, simple deafness, fetal abortion, premature birth, stillbirth and congenital malformation.
2. Basic measures to prevent iodine deficiency disorders.
The most economical, simple, effective and safe way to prevent iodine deficiency disorders is to eat iodized salt for a long time and stick to it for generations.
3. Storage method of iodized salt
The purchased iodized salt should be properly preserved: (1) The container for containing iodized salt should be a brown shading bottle or a ceramic jar with a lid. (2) Iodized salt should be stored in a cool and dry place away from fire sources, avoiding humidity, sunlight and high temperature. (3) The storage time of iodized salt should not be too long, and it should be bought as you use it and properly preserved.
4. Know when to put iodized salt when cooking.
In order to prevent iodine loss, attention should be paid when cooking: (1) Do not wash with water. (2) When cooking soup, it is not advisable to put salt too early, and put it when the soup and vegetables are almost cooked, so as to avoid iodine volatilization when heated. (3) Don't fry iodized salt in a pan, let alone use an oil pan.
5. People with special needs for iodine supplementation
The so-called people with special needs for iodine supplementation refers to people who are in a special physiological stage and have different needs for iodine from normal people, including newborns, infants, preschool and school-age children, pregnant women and lactating women.
6. Pregnant women should supplement iodine in time.
Because iodine deficiency in pregnant women will not only cause premature delivery, abortion and congenital malformation, but also affect the normal development of fetal brain, so women of childbearing age and pregnant women should supplement enough iodine, and pregnant women should supplement more iodine because of the need of breastfeeding.
7. When is the publicity day for preventing iodine deficiency disorders? Which IDD Prevention Day is this year? What is the propaganda theme? What is the slogan?
May 15 is the publicity day for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders every year.
8. The greatest harm of iodine deficiency in human body.