Determination method of health effect

What will happen to the human body when it is irradiated? To talk about the harm of nuclear radiation to human body, we should first introduce what is nuclear radiation? Generally speaking, nuclear radiation is gamma rays, beta rays, alpha rays, neutron rays, X rays and so on emitted by X-ray machines. These rays have high energy and can pass through substances with different thicknesses to ionize atoms or molecules of the irradiated substances, so they are called ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation can damage cells and tissues. The damage degree is aggravated with the increase of radiation dose. The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation divides the radiation dose for evaluating radiation health effects into four grades: high dose, greater than1gy; Medium dose, 0.1~1gy; Low dose, 0.0 1~0. 1 gray and very low dose, less than 0.0 1 gray. Health effects can be divided into deterministic effects and uncertain effects, the latter is also called random effects or far-delayed effects, that is, effects that occur only a few years after exposure, such as inducing cancer and genetic effects.

When people are exposed to acute radiation with a dose greater than 1 Gy threshold once or in a short time, the decisive effect will appear. Nausea, vomiting, skin burn (erythema), insomnia, acute radiation syndrome, and even death in a short time. The severity of clinical symptoms is directly proportional to the exposure dose. The exposed population may also have random effects: the incidence of cancer and hereditary diseases increases. The rising probability is proportional to the exposure dose. If people are exposed to the dose of 0. 1 ~ 1.0 Gy which is greater than the threshold dose, it may also have some effects, such as abnormal white blood cell count, abnormal platelet count, insomnia, dyspepsia and other digestive tract symptoms, but they can recover after life treatment. The exposed population may also have far-reaching effects: the incidence of cancer increases, and the incidence of hereditary diseases increases. The increase rate is proportional to the exposure dose: people with exposure dose below 0. 1 Gy not only observe the evidence of deterministic and stochastic effects induced by ionizing radiation, but also observe a lot of information beneficial to health.