An indispensable nutrient.
There are many kinds, and there are great differences.
What are the standards for healthy and reasonable edible oil?
Can you always eat the same cooking oil?
Academician of China Academy of Engineering and Vice President of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Chief scientist of national rape industrial technology system
Rapeseed geneticist Wang Hanzhong.
Fan Zhihong, nutrition expert, director of chinese institute of food science and technology.
Come to the world of edible oil with everyone.
Why do humans eat oil?
The three nutrients usually refer to carbohydrate, protein and fat, which are indispensable sources of energy and nutrition for maintaining normal physiological activities and ensuring health.
Fat is what we usually call edible oil, and it is one of the nutritional sources and flavoring agents in our diet structure. Academician Wang Hanzhong mentioned that oil has two indispensable functions, the first is the source of essential fatty acids, and the second is the medium of oil-soluble nutrients.
In many studies, obesity, hypertension and other diseases are closely related to high-oil diet and trans fatty acid intake, so some people advocate not eating oil or eating less oil. Academician Wang Hanzhong said that it is impossible not to eat oil or eat less oil. The most basic unit of human beings is the cell, and about 70% of the cell membrane is composed of fatty acids, so it is an indispensable part of our human body structure. In addition, edible oil, as a medium of oil-soluble nutrients, eating less or not may also lead to the lack of these nutrients, which may lead to other health problems. In other words, eat oil. What we need to consider is how to eat oil reasonably and healthily and find the "dream oil" that is beneficial to our health.
What are the indicators of good edible oil?
Edible oil is the source of essential fatty acids and the medium of oil-soluble nutrients. How to judge and choose healthy and nutritious edible oil has become a topic of general concern. The "necessity" of essential fatty acids is mainly reflected in its intake source. Academician Wang Hanzhong introduced that essential fatty acids are fatty acids that the human body needs but cannot synthesize by itself, and they are all polyunsaturated fatty acids. Regarding the reasonable fatty acid composition, Academician Wang Hanzhong mentioned that the lower the saturated fatty acid content, the better, while the oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid content are higher.
Academician Wang Hanzhong also mentioned that nutrition also has barrel theory, and the quality of an oil does not depend on the highest index, that is, only one index is relatively high, which is not healthy edible oil.
Is it healthy to eat only one kind of oil all the time?
In many families, they usually eat the same brand and model of edible oil for a long time. Whether this way of eating is healthy has become a concern of many people now. Academician Wang Hanzhong said that it depends on the quality of the oil. If you choose inferior oil, the risk is very high. Good quality oil should be "four highs and two lows", that is, high oleic acid, high linoleic acid, high linolenic acid, high phytosterol and other oil-soluble nutrients, low saturated fatty acid and low risk factor. Fan Zhihong introduced that there are four main considerations: First, whether oil is eaten too much; Second, what is the fatty acid composition of oil; Third, what is the overall diet with reasonable fatty acid composition; Fourth, there are differences in the use of oil, frying and cooking; Finally, of course, we must consider the cost performance of engine oil. Therefore, eating only one kind of oil all the time has many uncertainties and risks, and it needs to be reasonably matched according to the situation of yourself and your family. Academician Wang Hanzhong said that more than one kind of oil can be prepared for different food processing at home. For example, olive oil and tea seed oil, although the content of essential fatty acids is very small, but the content of oleic acid is very high, which is suitable for deep-fried food that pursues taste.
What step has the "hard core technology" behind rape blossoms taken?
Rapeseed is one of the main oil crops in China. Rapeseed oil that we often eat is obtained by squeezing rapeseed. Rapeseed oil has low saturated fatty acid content and high unsaturated fatty acid content, which is widely recognized for its role in human health. The production and research of rapeseed oil can not be separated from the research of rapeseed breeding and oil pressing technology. At present, the production technology of rapeseed oil has undergone profound changes compared with the tradition. Academician Wang Hanzhong introduced that at present, the Oil Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences has invented the microwave pretreatment technology, that is, it is treated to a certain temperature by microwave before pressing, so that the related enzymes are killed, the oil is easily released, and some compounds are converted into polyphenols.
△ Microwave pressing rapeseed oil production workshop
Microwave pressing technology can improve the quality of oil, and oil-soluble nutrients are easier to be squeezed out and retained. Academician Wang Hanzhong also mentioned that the traditional frying process at several hundred degrees Celsius is easy to produce trans fatty acids and other risk factors, while the microwave pretreatment technology with temperature control can improve the oil yield and oil quality at the same time. In addition to the progress of oil pressing technology, the progress of rape breeding and planting technology has gradually become a "hard core", in which rape close planting has become an effective technology to increase production. The new rapeseed variety Zhongyouza 50 1 selected by Academician Wang Hanzhong increased from 0/0.3 million plants per mu to 28,700 plants, and the planting density and yield almost doubled.
△ "Zhongyouza 50 1" in Xiangyang production demonstration area in 2022, with yield per mu of 419.95kg and oil content of 50.38%.
Academician Wang Hanzhong said that close planting is a common method for high yield of crops at present, but the leaves of rape are very big and the structure is different from that of rice, so the breakthrough of nano-breeding of rape will not be too big in many years. In recent years, the research team aimed at improving the leaf shape structure and canopy structure of rapeseed at the same time, and achieved a substantial increase in planting density on the basis of the same yield per plant.
△ Rapeseed cultivation drives the development of tourism and other related industries: during the peak period of 20 17, Wuyuan rapeseed tourism reached 4.75 million tourists, and the comprehensive tourism income reached 3.64 billion.
Academician Wang Hanzhong mentioned a data that the average yield per mu of rape in China is only about138kg, while the yield per mu of "Zhongyouza 50 1" will reach more than 400kg, so there is great hope to double the yield per mu of rape.