The goal of health education plan is to make the target population change their behavior and environment voluntarily. The formulation of education strategy is mainly to determine the factors that affect behavior and environment through education and organization, that is, to determine what factors are needed to promote behavior and environment change. Any kind of behavior is determined by many factors and has different effects on behavior. Only by comprehensively analyzing these decisive factors can we formulate appropriate educational strategies.
Any healthy behavior is influenced by three factors, and each factor will have a different influence on behavior. These three factors are inducing factors, promoting factors and strengthening factors respectively. In order to analyze these factors, questionnaires and observations are needed to understand the baseline data.
1. Tendency factor
Pre-disposal factors precede behavior, which are the motivation and desire to produce a certain behavior, or the factors that induce a certain behavior, including the knowledge, attitude, values and personal skills of the learning object.
(1) Knowledge: Knowledge is the basis and premise of individual and group behavior change. Generally speaking, with the growth and accumulation of knowledge, demand and desire also increase, and gradually penetrate into beliefs, attitudes and values. It can be considered that knowledge is a necessary condition for behavior change, but not a sufficient condition.
(2) Faith: It means that there is no doubt about the existence of a certain phenomenon or thing. Faith usually comes from parents and other respected people.
(3) Attitude: Attitude refers to a persistent, consistent or relatively stable emotional tendency held by individuals towards people or things, reflecting people's love and hate. It is often evaluated by likes and dislikes, positive and negative.
(4) Values: refers to the beliefs and standards that people think are the most important. Personal values and behavior choices are closely linked. But conflict of values is very common. The vast majority of people want to be healthy rather than sick, and want to live longer rather than *. However, some people are unwilling to abandon temporary joy and self-indulgence in order to keep healthy, and are unwilling to endure changes in order to prevent diseases. Therefore, helping people to solve the conflict of health values is an important technology of health education.
It goes without saying that the tendency factor is the initiator or driving force of behavior, that is, motivation directly affects the occurrence and development of behavior. The important task of health education is to promote individuals or groups to form motivation and consciously change unhealthy behaviors.
2. Causes
Enabling factors refer to the factors that promote the realization of a certain behavior motivation or desire, that is, the technology and resources necessary to realize a certain behavior. Including medical and health facilities, medical personnel, clinics, medical expenses, transportation, personal medical and health care technology; In addition, administrative attention and support, legal policies, etc. You can also fall into this category. This is the basic condition for implementing community health education.
If the contributing factors are not considered in the education process, the goal of behavior may not be achieved. The health behavior of the population has a great relationship and influence with the availability and convenience of local medical services and resources. Therefore, in addition to education, we should also provide health services for the target population and create the necessary conditions for behavior change.
3. Strengthening factors
Reinforcing factors are external factors that maintain, develop or weaken behaviors. For example, rewards or punishments are used to consolidate or enhance, dilute or eliminate certain behaviors. Strengthening factors mostly refer to the influence of the attitudes and behaviors of colleagues, parents, friends, bosses and other close people on personal health concept. For example, spouses or relatives are reinforcing factors for patients with hypertension, and they often urge patients to take medicine on time to consolidate their compliance. Whether the reinforcement factors are positive or not mainly depends on the attitudes and behaviors of important people. A large number of studies show that teenagers' smoking behavior has the most obvious influence on the attitudes and behaviors of their close friends and parents. According to an American statistic, doctors should contact at least 70% smokers every year. In so many contacts, doctors only need to influence their smoking behavior to a certain extent, and also make smokers' behavior change substantially. Practice has also proved that doctors are the most suitable candidates to help people quit smoking. Clinical trials show that simple medical advice provided by doctors to smokers can usually achieve a smoking cessation rate of 5% ~ 12%. To achieve a higher smoking cessation rate, doctors need to spend more time and consult frequently.
Tending factors, promoting factors and strengthening factors are not mutually exclusive, and the same factor can sometimes be divided into two types. For example, the attitude towards breastfeeding can be regarded as a predisposing factor, but as a companion and sister, he can also be regarded as a reinforcing factor. Every factor has both positive and negative aspects.
A successful health education and health promotion plan must carefully analyze the positive and negative effects of three kinds of factors, carry forward the positive effects of positive factors and focus on intervening the negative effects. The analysis of these factors has produced educational planning.