Foot length and last length
Foot length is the basis of making shoe size and designing the bottom sample length of shoe last, but no matter what kind of shoe last structure or style, its bottom length must be greater than foot length. This is because:
(1) The length of the foot is often affected by different climate and labor intensity. The change of foot length caused by climate change is generally 3-5mm, and it will also increase when people are engaged in heavy manual labor or walking for a long time.
② When people walk, their feet must have some space in their shoes, which is called "allowance". Generally, the allowance of flat shoe last is 20mm for men and 16.5m for women ... At the same time, the change of allowance changes with the change of shoe last head shape. Generally, the smaller the head shape (narrow tip), the greater the margin; Conversely, the larger the head shape (thickness and width), the smaller the margin.
(3) The heel of the shoe last should have a proper crown (back tolerance) to adapt to the radian of the heel and make the shoe fit better. Generally, the back tolerance of a shoe last is about 2% of the circumference, that of a male last is 5mm, and that of a female last is 4.5 mm Therefore, the relationship between the sample length of the last bottom and the foot length is as follows.
Last bottom sample length = foot length+allowance-back tolerance
For example, if you make a 250mm two-legged leather shoe last, the model length of the last is: 250+20-5 = 265 mm.
Foot circumference and last circumference
Girth is the basis of fatness, and the fatness of shoe last depends on the girth of feet. Determining the fatness of shoe last mainly depends on the metatarsal circumference and tarsal circumference of the foot.
(1) metatarsal circumference
The plantar circumference of the foot is the key part of bending when walking. If the plantar circumference of the shoe last is not appropriate, it will not only be uncomfortable to wear, but also bring early damage to the plantar circumference of the shoe and affect human health. The determination of the plantar circumference of the shoe last is not only based on the plantar circumference of the foot, but also related to the shoe pattern. For example:
① The last plantar circumference of flat-heeled shoes and three-toed shoes is 3.5mm smaller than the plantar circumference of the foot, so that the plantar circumference of the shoes will be stuck in the metatarsal joint, and the toes will not be injured when pushed forward.
(2) For shoes with shallow mouths and tongue-shaped heels. The final plantar circumference is 7mm smaller than the plantar circumference of the foot, so that it can be worn after walking.
(3) For boots, shoes with high waist and controllable straps, the final plantar circumference can be equal to or slightly larger than the plantar circumference, especially for high waist cotton shoes, 3.5 mm should be added. ..
(4) Children are in the developmental stage. In order to make the feet grow normally, the plantar circumference of the last tree is larger than that of the feet.
(2) promising
In the rule of foot type, the tarsal circumference is generally larger than the plantar circumference1mm. However, in the end, we can't do it according to this ratio. Generally, the circumference of the last can be 2-6mm larger than the circumference of the foot. At the same time, pay attention to the pickup of the lumbar fossa. The same length of hem can make different degrees of hem, which directly affects the shape of shoe last. Therefore, in addition to mastering the size of the circumference, we must also correctly conceive the picking of the circumference.
Width of foot and width of last.
Width refers to the width of each part on the bottom sample of last. The width of the last pattern is based on the width of the foot. Feet have two widths, outline width and footprint width. In fact, these two widths can't be the real last width. Generally speaking, the point 1/2 between the outline width and the footprint width should be taken as the width of the last bottom sample, except the front end and the back end (allowance, post-tolerance) that need to be scaled.
Tread of shoe last
The height of last refers to the height before and after last. The stilts before and after the shoe last are in harmony. When the height of the back leg of the shoe last is fixed, the distance between the front point of the shoe last and the horizontal plane is called the height of the front leg of the shoe last. When the back stilts of the shoe last rise, the front stilts of the shoe last will fall, and when the back stilts of the shoe last fall, the front stilts will rise, but this is not a simple lever action. Generally speaking, women's stilts rose 10mm after the last shoe, and the front stilts dropped about 1 mm, while men's stilts rose about 5mm after the last shoe, and the front stilts dropped about1mm. ..
Basic lines of shoe last insole
The basic lines of shoe last insole mainly include: heel center point accounts for 18% of foot length, waist pit point accounts for 4 1% of foot length, toe point of fifth metatarsal bone accounts for 63.5% of foot length, toe point of first metatarsal bone accounts for 72.5% of foot length, toe point of little toe accounts for 78% of foot length, and toe point accounts for 90% of foot length.
Determine the center line of the last surface and the back arc called the center line.
First, visually find the center point of the crown and the center point of the nozzle with the thickness of the head at the head of the last tree, and then find the center point at the most concave part of the back of the last tree. Stick the crown midpoint and barrel mouth midpoint of the head thickness on the desktop, place the pencil horizontally on the desktop, and point the pencil at the crown midpoint of the head thickness, the midpoint of the concave part of the last back and the barrel mouth ... >>
Question 2: How to define the width of last? The wide and narrow last, which is commonly found in NB New Balance shoes for export, is used most frequently.
It is a fatty shoe last developed for different people's feet in different countries, which is suitable for a wider range of consumers. For example, Asians' feet are thinner and slimmer, while Europeans' feet are relatively thicker, which is generally different from the fatness of the forefoot of a shoe last.
Question 3: What are the widths of b(m) and E in American shoe sizes? E is wider.
M is medium), m or b for women's shoes and m or d for men's shoes.
The width of women's shoes is narrow, medium, wide and widened in turn:
N (narrow) or aa; M (medium) or b or r (normal); W (width) or c or d; E (ultra-wide)
The width of men's shoes is narrow, medium, wide and wide in turn:
N (narrow) or c; M (medium) or d; W (width) or e; EE (if wider, continue with e)
Question 4: What brand of badminton shoes have wide forefoot? (refers to the kind that is super wide, and the front feet of friends are ridiculously wide. Many successful sneakers are wide last for golfers with wide front feet. The widest shoe of high-end ball is Yonex SHB 100.
Question 5: What are the meanings of M and W in the double star and the special shoes? Qingdao Double Star now has 6 super shoes for the elderly and 8 special shoes. I guess someone confused the two.
Six super refers to: super light, super non-slip, super breathable, super durable, super soft and super comfortable.
The eight characteristics mean: extremely light, extremely soft, extremely warm, extremely affordable, extremely breathable, extremely comfortable, extremely safe and extremely beautiful.
M and W of footwear logo: M stands for wide last type and W stands for wide last type.
Question 6: What is the last shoe? Last is the mold for making shoes. Similar to the shape of a foot. For shoe designer, no matter what kind of shoes, the last can be divided into five points to control, such as toe warping and obesity.
The comfort and aesthetics of shoes are closely related to shoe last, so it is very expensive to develop a new shoe last. Only big factories can develop it.
Usually shoe last is divided into aluminum last and plastic last. Aluminum last is used for vulcanized shoes, which has higher cost and is not as common as plastic last.
There is a kind of pasta in Jining, Shandong Province, which is sticky at the bottom, surrounded by steamed bread and shaped like a shoe last, so it is called a shoe last. (but not commonly used)
Question 7: I bought a pair of Spider King shoes. What do you mean, the model number is two and a half, and the article number is the code name of leather shoes?
The second half is the size of the shoe. Ordinary men's shoes, feet 2.5, wide upper 3.0, narrow upper 2.0, and so on.
For example:
The standard shoe size of men's shoes is 250(2.5), which means it is suitable for the wearer with a foot length of 250 mm and a normal foot size of 2.5;
The standard shoe size of women's shoes is 230( 1.5), which means it is suitable for the wearer with a foot length of 230mm and a normal foot size of 1.5.
Question 8: How to choose the right bicycle shoes? There is no doubt that entering the field of professional cycling and choosing a pair of suitable cycling shoes can make you ride faster and relieve the problem of foot pain. For the choice of bicycle shoes, fit is the most important, and the key points of choice are as follows: 1. Brand: Brand and grade are not absolute indicators. For example, the Ergo 2 series, the highest version of SIDI shoes, does not have a wide-footed last, so the driver of the wide-footed version can only reluctantly give up Ergo 2. On the other hand, some little-known brands may be more suitable for their feet, which is also possible. Brand-name car shoes can only guarantee exquisite workmanship and perfect quality, but they can't guarantee joint feet, even if they are models with thermoplastic functions. 2. Size: Most automobile shoes are European Union size units. It should be noted that EU43 of brand A is not necessarily equal to EU43 of brand B. You can see the gap by measuring the total length with a ruler. Shoes have another size unit, US, EU43 is almost equal to =US9, but some manufacturers will mark it as 9.5 or 8.5. There is nothing wrong with this, but there should be a strict conversion standard. I can only say that the shoe factory is in a mess. 3. Width: they are all called wide-top shoes, but under the same shoe size, there is still a gap in the degree of wide-top. There are still some differences between Shimano's wide-top and Sidi's wide-top. Moreover, the widest shoe last refers to the front third of the sole, and the heel width of the back third is not mentioned. The front of the sole is no longer painful, but the heel of the back half may be extremely tight. 4. Arch and internal and external rotation: Like the choice of running shoes, bicycle shoes should also have a difference in arch height, but this has almost exceeded the affordability of mass production brand manufacturers (the cost will increase), so most of them have to rely on specialized insole customization manufacturers to assist. 5. instep height Everyone's instep height is actually different. People with high instep can choose Shimano. 6. Arch Angle: This is a matter of personal taste. Those with large angles, such as Shimano, will feel like padding their toes. Carnac was famous for its big angle ten years ago, and all three railways were specially chosen. Sidi shoes, the angle is relatively flat Personally, the slower the angle, the more relaxed the calf muscles. 7. Longitudinal length of ankle (toe): Everyone's ankle is different. People with thick feet are really not suitable for wearing sidi, and the instep will be very painful. It is recommended to wear shimano or northwave instead. In addition, the third strap of the special buckle usually has a large area, and the longitudinal opening of this kind of shoes is relatively short, so the strap may press the instep. It is suggested that the traditional three-belt devil dip belt or fishing line belt can be re-selected. 8. The width of the outside of the ankle (the mouth of the shoe) is as above, and everyone's ankle is different. Like Lin Taman's shoes, although they are wide-top shoes, the front half is wide, but the mouth is narrow and the back half is narrow. The heel side will be compressed, and the pain will naturally occur. Shimano's opening is still relatively large, but for skinny people, it may be empty. 9. Last model Many manufacturers have a wide last version, but that can only represent the lateral width of the thumb ball, but there is still a chance to push the shoes with the thumb pointing to the front nail. The shapes of Shimano and Beilang are slightly sharp. If it's Sidi's version, it's round. Therefore, to judge whether the shoes fit, we should not only judge the space in front of the thumb nail, but also pay attention to the squeezing of the thumb nail. 10. The left foot and the right foot are not necessarily the same size. Please give priority to bigger feet. And in the afternoon or evening, the feet will be slightly bigger because of congestion. When you go to the car shop to choose shoes, it is recommended to bring a pair of socks when riding. It will be more accurate to try them on the spot.
Question 9: Why do toes grow in different lengths? Hello: My suggestion: 1. Don't wear shoes that squeeze your toes, such as high heels, pointed shoes and pinch shoes. Choose shoes with wide sides, so that toes have enough room to move and reduce further squeezing and injury of shoes to toes; Choose suitable soft insoles to reduce the pressure of people's weight on soles and toes when standing and walking; Keep your feet as clean as possible. After washing your feet in the morning and evening, apply appropriate hot compress (with warm water) on the painful part to promote blood circulation in your feet. We should exercise our toes regularly and properly. For example, when we sit down, we should exercise our toes to promote blood circulation in our feet and increase the flexibility of our toes. As long as our toes are flexible, toe-related diseases will naturally be less.
5, the correct walking posture is, two toes forward, if the walking posture is not correct, you should consciously correct it every day. For more general knowledge about podiatry, please refer to the website of Xi 'an Jingxi Bigfoot Hospital. In Baidu. Ask and you'll find it! I hope I can help you.
Question 10: Is official website's shoe size American M or American W? 10 points Refer to the above figure to select the shoe size.
US M stands for American code last
US W stands for American plus size shoe last.