1.2. 1 Language education method explains and publicizes the knowledge of nursing health education through language exchange and communication, so as to increase the rational knowledge of health knowledge of the educated.
1.2.2 writing education method is a method to achieve the purpose of nursing health education through certain writing media and the reading ability of the educated. For example, give patients a small prescription of health education for related diseases.
1.2.3 The practical education method is an educational method that instructs the educated to master certain health care skills and apply them to self or family health care. Such as guiding patients to master the methods of functional exercise.
2 Health education content
2. 1 Psychological guidance Patients with cervical spine fracture and spinal cord injury will suffer from quadriplegia immediately, and in severe cases, they will lose their ability to take care of themselves, leading to severe psychological fluctuations and easy loss of confidence and courage in life. Spinal cord injury will cause a series of physiological disorders such as abnormal body temperature and gastrointestinal dysfunction, which will bring great pain to patients. Therefore, from the beginning of admission to discharge, we should carry out targeted psychological care, patiently explain the patients and their families, often use encouraging language, mobilize patients' subjective initiative, keep patients' mood stable, and actively cooperate with treatment and nursing.
2.2 Emphasis on fixation tells patients and their families that fixation is one of the basic requirements for the recovery of spinal fractures, otherwise it will cause new injuries and lead to or aggravate paralysis [2]. Correct posture is also very important for the treatment of spinal fracture. For patients with cervical fracture, sandbags should be placed on both sides of the neck. When turning over, the upper body and the lower body should rotate on the same axis at the same time to avoid deformation and re-injury.
2.3 Skull Traction Guidance introduces the purpose, necessity and importance of skull traction. After traction, the bedside should be raised by 25 ~ 30 cm. The flexion fracture keeps the neck hyperextension position, and the extension fracture keeps the neck neutral position. The head and pillow are padded with suede pads. Traction is very important and cannot be increased or decreased at will. In case of tongue deviation and slurred speech during traction, you should contact the medical staff in time to prevent the symptoms of distraction.
2.4 Functional Exercise Guidance In order to prevent disuse muscle atrophy and joint stiffness and promote the recovery of limb function, functional exercise should be strengthened. It is necessary to explain the purpose of exercise to patients and let them cooperate consciously. We should emphasize the initiative, adaptability, planning, scientificity and timeliness of functional exercise, and guide and demonstrate the methods of functional exercise. If the function of the upper limbs exists, active activities such as chest protection and fist clenching can be carried out, and passive activities of the lower limbs can be carried out twice a day, with no less than 30 times each time, mainly for muscle massage and flexion and extension activities of each joint.
2.5 The importance of skin care tells patients and their families that paraplegic patients have lost skin sensation, poor neurotrophic function and are prone to pressure ulcers; Emphasize the importance of regular turning over and skin massage; If the patient's upper limbs are not paralyzed, he should be encouraged and instructed to massage the skin of the compressed part regularly, practice sitting up on the bed, move the lower limbs to turn over, lift the trunk, and lift the buttocks with both hands to relieve local oppression.
2.6 Dietary guidance Paraplegic patients are prone to constipation due to long-term bed rest, leading to slow intestinal peristalsis. Tell patients to eat more digestible foods, such as bananas, pears and watermelons for fruits and celery, leeks and spinach for vegetables. Guide abdominal circular massage 30 ~ 60 times a day to promote intestinal peristalsis; You can also drink 250 ml of light salt water, honey water or boiled water every morning to promote defecation every morning.
2.7 Strengthening bladder function training Paraplegic patients often have urinary retention. It should be told to patients and their families that this is because after spinal cord injury, the patient's urination function promotes the control of the brain and the sub-central level, thus causing dysuria or loss of urination function. When the urine in the bladder accumulates and the pressure rises, the urine will automatically overflow, but the patient can't control urination, which will increase the residual urine in the bladder and easily cause urinary system infection. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out urination training for patients. During catheterization, urine is discharged intermittently, every 2 ~ 4 h during the day and every 4 ~ 6 h at night. If you feel urinating, you should urinate when you feel it, press your abdomen after urination, and discharge the residual urine.