1, adverse effects of environmental pollution on organisms
Environmental pollution has a very adverse effect on the growth, development and reproduction of organisms. When the pollution is serious, the morphological characteristics and survival quantity of organisms will change obviously. The harm of environmental pollution to organisms is described from four aspects: acid rain, harmful chemicals, heavy metals and water eutrophication.
2. Environment and human health
With the increasingly serious environmental pollution, many people breathe polluted air, drink polluted water and eat agricultural products grown from polluted soil all day, and the noise echoes in their ears ... Environmental pollution seriously threatens human health.
3. The influence of environmental pollution on biology, environmental pollution and "three major effects"
Environmental pollution often has carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects on humans or mammals, which are collectively called "three effects". The harm of "three effects" usually takes a long time to appear, and some harm will even affect future generations.
Second, the harm of environmental pollution to people
1, air pollution and human health
Air pollution mainly refers to the chemical pollution of the atmosphere. There are many kinds of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, and dozens of them are seriously harmful to human body. The air pollution in China belongs to coal-burning pollution, and the main pollutants are soot and sulfur dioxide, as well as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide.
The concentration of chemical pollutants in the atmosphere of chronic poisoning is generally low, which mainly produces chronic toxic effects on human body. Scientific research shows that chemical pollution in urban air is an important cause of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchial asthma. Acute Poisoning When the factory emits a lot of harmful gases and there is no wind and fog, the chemical pollutants in the atmosphere are not easy to disperse, which will cause acute poisoning.
Carcinogenesis Among the chemical pollutants in the atmosphere, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lead-containing compounds have carcinogenic effects, among which 3,4-benzopyrene has the strongest effect on lung cancer. The smoke produced by burning coal, cars and cigarettes contains a lot of 3,4-benzopyrene. Chemical pollutants in the atmosphere can also fall into water, soil and crops, and be absorbed and enriched by crops, thus endangering human health.
Air pollution also includes biological pollution and radioactive pollution. Biological pollutants in the atmosphere mainly include pathogenic bacteria, mold spores and pollen. Pathogens can make people suffer from infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, and mold spores and pollen can cause allergic reactions in some people. Radioactive pollutants in the atmosphere mainly come from radioactive wastes from the atomic energy industry and medical X-ray sources, which are easy to cause skin cancer and leukemia.
2. Water pollution and human health
After rivers, lakes and other water bodies are polluted, it will cause serious harm to human health, mainly in the following three aspects. First of all, drinking the organic matter in polluted water and edible sewage will make people poisoned and even die. For example, 1956, there were some patients with unknown etiology in Minamata Bay, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.
The patient developed symptoms such as spasm, paralysis, dyskinesia, language and hearing disorders, and finally died of pain due to incurable treatment. People call this strange disease Minamata disease. Scientists later discovered that the disease was caused by local industrial wastewater containing mercury. Mercury is converted into methylmercury and enriched in fish, shrimp and shellfish. If people eat these fish, shrimp and shellfish for a long time, methylmercury will cause chronic methylmercury poisoning, mainly brain cell damage.
Methylmercury in pregnant women can even make children stunted, mentally retarded and deformed limbs. Second, the water polluted by human and animal feces and domestic garbage can cause infectious diseases such as viral hepatitis and bacillary dysentery, as well as parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis. Thirdly, some carcinogenic chemicals, such As arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and aniline, can accumulate in suspended solids, sediments and aquatic organisms after polluting water bodies. Drinking such sewage for a long time is easy to induce cancer.
3, solid waste pollution and human health
Solid waste refers to solid substances discarded by human beings in production and life, such as waste rocks from mining industry, industrial waste residue, discarded plastic products and domestic garbage. It should be recognized that solid waste can only be used in a certain process or a certain aspect. In fact, it can often be used as a raw material for another production process. Therefore, solid waste is also called "misplaced raw materials".
However, these "misplaced raw materials" often contain a variety of substances harmful to human health. If it is not used in time and piled up for a long time, it will pollute the ecological environment and cause harm to human health.
4. Noise pollution and human health
Noise is harmful to people in many ways:
First, the damage to hearing. Working in strong noise for a long time will reduce hearing and even cause noise deafness.
Second, interfere with sleep. When people's sleep is disturbed by noise, they can't eliminate fatigue and recover their physical strength.
Third, induce a variety of diseases. Noise can make people nervous, lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, and even induce gastrointestinal ulcers, endocrine system dysfunction and other diseases. Fourth, it affects mental health. Noise can make people fidget, unable to concentrate on study and work, and easily lead to work-related injuries and traffic accidents.
To sum up, it is not difficult for us to see that the scope of environmental pollution loss is relatively wide, and there are many species affected. Of course, for human beings, the greatest concern is the loss and harm caused by environmental pollution, and the changes in people's living environment caused by environmental pollution will also have a great impact on us. ?