Nanotechnology plays an important role in promoting medical development. The actual demand of disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment puts forward the expectation that nanotechnology can obtain more advanced drug delivery system and early detection and diagnosis technology, such as early diagnosis and early warning, the discovery of biomarkers in metabolites, and the detection technology of trace or trace or instantaneous sample size, which is suitable for a large number or batches of practical detection technology platforms, carrier efficiency and capacity, targeted, sustained-release and controllable drug carriers, drug target identification and drug screening. Using the self-assembly characteristics of DNA molecules, new nano-structured materials can be obtained for developing new biological detection technologies. One of the key factors to realize gene therapy is to develop a safe and effective gene delivery system, develop new medical sensors by nanotechnology, and develop new living cell detection technology by nanotechnology. In addition, nanotechnology plays an important role in promoting the development of regenerative medicine. Nanotechnology provides a new perspective and method for simulating and constructing different kinds of extracellular matrix in natural tissues. Nanotechnology will help to explore and determine the signaling system in adult stem cells, thus stimulating the huge self-repair potential of adult stem cells. The application of nanotechnology in medical science, such as single molecule, single cell imaging application, single cancer cell detection, drug release visualization technology, etc.
Nanotechnology is also widely used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. China is a big country with hepatitis B, with an average of 8% patients or carriers, which is much higher than this ratio in remote rural areas. The mortality rate of patients with advanced liver disease in China is relatively high, 60% in big cities and 80% in small cities. Although hepatitis B vaccine has played a great role in the spread of hepatitis B virus, studies have shown that the variation of hepatitis B virus is also great, and some drugs for treating hepatitis B have appeared in China. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out nano-medical research on hepatitis B in China, detect the function of living cells, understand and understand its pathological mechanism at the molecular level, and realize early diagnosis and early treatment.
Nano-drugs and their pharmacology
At present, a variety of nano-pharmaceutical preparations have been developed and marketed at home and abroad, in order to improve the oral bioavailability of the original preparation, reduce adverse drug reactions and improve therapeutic index. However, the international and domestic standardization of nanotechnology has not yet been established, so it is bound to be restricted and influenced in the development of nanotechnology. Therefore, it is very important for the basic scientific problems of nano-pharmacology and its pharmacological research and the setting of short, medium and long-term goals.
Such as the mechanism of tumor growth and the anti-tumor activity of adriamycin micelle self-assembled molecules. The microenvironment of tumor has great influence on its growth and drug delivery. The microenvironment of tumor tissue, such as high hydrostatic pressure, low oxygen and low PH value, makes drug molecules only gather around vascular cells and cannot reach tumor cells, which affects the use effect of drugs. The micellar self-assembled molecules formed by PEG-PE encapsulating adriamycin have a good effect in tumor treatment, and the tumor volume is obviously reduced after use.
The research on "the development potential of nano-pharmaceutical materials for tumor diagnosis and treatment" points out that nano-biotechnology can play a great role in the early diagnosis and treatment of tumors. The results showed that the antibody modified liposome nano-composite drug delivery system can not only target tumors, but also diagnose and target metastatic tumor cells in combination with nano-particle modified nano-composite drug delivery system, and the nano-capsule has the best effect when the size is moderate (50-200nm). The study of "lipid molecule self-assembly system and its application as drug carrier" holds that lipid molecules, as the main components of organisms, have unparalleled biocompatibility, and the nanostructures formed by self-assembly have great advantages in uniformity, stability and repeatability. Liposomes modified by small peptides have certain targeting effect on tumors.
In this topic, experts have a heated discussion on the safety evaluation and standard research methods of nano-medicine. It is agreed that nano-medical research should be standardized at present and the strategy of "strength integration, resource integration and limited goals" should be implemented. The short-term or medium-term goal of nano-pharmaceutics can be to develop a batch of nano-pharmaceutical preparations aimed at improving bioavailability, prolonging drug action time, reducing adverse drug reactions or improving preparation compliance through direct nano-drug delivery or nano-drug delivery systems (NanoDDS). Based on the research of nano-effect, this paper aims at major diseases in China (such as tumor, cardiovascular disease, hepatitis, AIDS, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. ), based on the pathophysiological research results of these diseases, a number of innovative nano-drug preparations have been developed, and related deep-seated scientific problems have been expounded, including the long-term circulation mechanism of nano-drugs, the EPR effect mechanism of nano-particle tumor drugs, the influence mechanism of nano-drugs on microcirculation, and the assembly of gene non-viral nano-carriers.
Biosensing and medical tracking
Malignant tumor, cardiovascular disease and other major diseases seriously threaten human health and are a major challenge in the current medical research field. Since 1970s, the incidence and mortality of malignant tumor and acute coronary syndrome in China have been on the rise, which has become a social problem that harms people's health and brings huge economic burden. At present, one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate of cancer patients and cardiovascular patients is that it is difficult to realize the real early detection of diseases in the existing technology, so biosensing and medical tracing technology are very important, especially the application of nano-biosensing technology and nano-materials in molecular imaging technology is the current research hotspot.
The central project report of "Biomedical Magnetic Nanomaterials and Devices" introduces the application and development of biomedical magnetic nanomaterials and devices in biology and biotechnology, medicine and pharmacy. At the same time, some problems that need to be studied urgently in this development process are also put forward: (1) What other novel properties can be applied? Assembly, combination and efficiency of different molecular probes; (2) At what level, such as cell level or tissue level, magnetic nano-materials have a comprehensive impact on living things; (3) the dependence of the image on the size and other properties of the magnetic nano-material contrast agent; (4) Dispersion and circulation of magnetic nano-materials in organisms; (5) Biological safety and biocompatibility of magnetic nano-materials.
The report "Biological Micro-nano Sensing Technology" summarizes and discusses the new sensing technology based on the biocompatibility, magnetism and catalytic performance of nano-materials. For example, nano-single channel technology uses the current pulse signal formed by random sensing to realize the identification and analysis of DNA sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism and specific sequence DNA. In addition, nano-array channel technology, nano-array electrode technology, nano-microfluidic channel technology and nano-gap technology have broad application prospects in gene recognition, the structure and modification characteristics of protein, the discovery and confirmation of drug targets, drug screening and so on.
Biological effects and safety of nanotechnology
The study of "nano-biological environmental health effect and nano-safety" found that nano-materials have special physical and chemical properties due to small size effect, quantum effect and huge specific surface area. After entering the living body and environment, the chemical characteristics and biological activities produced by their interaction with the living body are very different from those of conventional substances with the same chemical composition. On the one hand, it is necessary to fully evaluate its safety issues, such as adverse effects on human health and ecological environment. On the other hand, the research on the interaction between nanoparticles and life process shows that the regulation and positive influence of nanoparticles on life process is also the key to the development of efficient diagnosis and treatment of nano-medicine. Experts attending the meeting agreed that the safety evaluation of nanotechnology is to ensure the better application of nanotechnology in nano-medicine and nano-biology, and to better apply nanotechnology to real life.
The special report "Safety Assessment of Nano-materials and Research Strategies for Biological Distribution of Carbon Nanotubes" summarizes the current international research on safety assessment of nano-materials, and points out that the research on nano-safety is not to hinder the development of nanotechnology, but to pave the way for the rapid and efficient development of nanotechnology.