China is rich in total energy, but the per capita recoverable energy reserves are far below the world average. Resource shortage, energy crisis and ecological deterioration have seriously hindered the sustained economic development and the improvement of people's living standards. It is imperative to build economic, ecological and environmental protection green houses. It is also one of the effective ways to promote the sustainable utilization of resources and the sustainable development of economy and society.
First, the basic concepts and characteristics of planning and design
The connotation of economical and eco-friendly green house is based on the natural environment and human environment around the building house, comprehensively applying the basic principles of ecology and housing science and modern scientific and technological means, reasonably arranging and organizing the relationship between the internal and external space of the building house and other related factors in the system, so as to make it an all-round and three-dimensional green environmental protection project with a harmonious organic unity. At the same time, it has good indoor climate conditions and strong biological climate regulation ability, which provides a comfortable environment for people's living and forming a virtuous cycle system among people, houses and natural ecological environment.
Second, the planning and design ideas
(A) conservation-oriented green residential planning and design ideas
1. Planning and design idea of energy-saving green residence: The planning and design of energy-saving green residence should focus on three aspects: residential energy saving, optimization of conventional energy system and utilization of green energy (such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy). In the aspect of residential energy saving, all efforts are put on maintaining the thermal insulation of the structure, so that residential energy saving can reach the current national standards. We must optimize the construction of conventional energy system, avoid the waste caused by repeated construction of various energy structures, and make full use of green energy. The conventional energy sources such as electricity, gas and coal are analyzed, and the optimization scheme is adopted to avoid multiple power pipelines entering the home.
Residential envelope and heating and air conditioning system should be energy-saving design, residential energy-saving at least 50%. Where conditions permit, encourage new energy and green energy. The utilization of green energy should be adapted to local conditions, and technologies and products suitable for local characteristics should be selected. Interior decoration design should take into account the comprehensive utilization of resources and energy saving; In the trial, it is necessary to fully consider the bearing capacity and ventilation of indoor space to improve air quality. Let the room have enough space to accommodate the light and color of nature, skillfully use natural light sources, reduce power consumption, and create a simple and natural environment for the life of cattle. Using solar hot water system as far as possible, using heating system in residential quarters, and designing bright halls, bathrooms and kitchens can save a lot of energy, thus reducing the pollution to people. These are all effective ways to make full use of natural energy.
Except for a few places in the south, Leng Xia is hot in winter in most parts of China. Therefore, the main space facing south, or east to south, or west to south, has always been considered as a reasonable design and the application of the most basic energy-saving consciousness in residential design. In the overall planning and individual design of residential buildings in Leng Xia, China, it is undoubtedly the most basic design and the most basic energy-saving measure to improve the indoor thermal environment of residential buildings, strive for a good orientation for the main space of residential buildings, meet the requirements of sunshine in winter and allow the use of natural gas energy.
2. Planning and design idea of water-saving green residence: The design of water-saving system should focus on water saving, reclaimed water reuse and water environment system integration. According to the national water-saving regulations and the necessary conditions for water-saving cities, we will focus on strengthening the use of water-saving appliances and fully implement them in residential and indoor water supply facilities. In the aspect of water reuse, the emphasis is on reclaimed water system and rainwater collection and utilization system, and the outdoor system should be equipped with reclaimed water system and rainwater collection and utilization system after drainage and rainwater treatment. Landscape water system should be specially designed and considered together with reclaimed water system. All kinds of water quality must meet the national standards, and the depth purification of drainage must meet the reuse standards. New residential areas must be equipped with reclaimed water system.
(B) the planning and design concept of ecological green housing
Residential green space is the most widely distributed green space in urban garden green space system, which is closest to residents and has the closest relationship with residents' daily life. It plays a significant role in improving the microclimate and sanitary conditions of residential areas, beautifying the environment of residential areas and creating outdoor rest places for urban residents. 1, ecological environment function, green space in residential area is a green regeneration mechanism providing photosynthesis;
2, leisure activities, outdoor activities provided by green space in residential areas; 3. Landscape cultural function, providing visual landscape enjoyment and cultural taste appreciation through garden space, plant configuration and sketch sculpture. Ecological greening construction in residential areas should not only meet the greening rate (> 40%), planting preservation rate and excellent rate, plant configuration reliability, plant species and other indicators, but also pay attention to the construction of ecological functions such as sun protection, dust prevention, noise reduction, ventilation, soil and water conservation and air moisturizing. Hard pavement should be reduced and vertical greening should be strengthened. While emphasizing "people-oriented", we should also make every penny worth it.
The greening planning of small residential areas should adhere to the principle of "convenience, safety, cleanliness and environmental protection". Starting from improving urban microclimate and giving full play to community functions, we will create a comfortable, beautiful, leisure, healthy and vibrant urban human settlement ecological landscape by building a high-grade and high-quality green environment. In the design of modern residential quarters, the greening rate is generally required to reach 30%, and even high-grade residential quarters need to reach 50 ~ 60%.
Greening layout should be combined with dispersed phase. Attention should be paid to residents' communication, exercise and rest, and some beneficial outdoor activities should be organized around the enjoyment space of green space in residential areas to enrich residents' lives and close interpersonal relationships, and centralized central green space should be considered in planning and design. At the same time, we should also consider designing some scattered green blocks to form some relatively quiet spaces, which is conducive to the rest and life of residents in the community. Modern residential area is an ecological living environment with nature as the main axis, which embodies people's emotional and cultural taste orientation. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate humanistic connotation into its landscape effect expression and create an interesting living space. In the planning and design, the residents' requirements should also be fully considered to meet the needs of children's play, activities for the elderly, tea and chess, and residents' physical exercise and fitness.
Environmental protection, ecological balance and energy saving in residential planning and design are not isolated or contradictory, but influence and relate to each other. China is hot in summer and cold in winter, covering a large population, and the climate is quite different. The reserves, environment and ecological conditions of natural resources and energy are also different. In addition, there are obvious regional differences and characteristics in technical economy, national culture and other aspects, which makes it impossible to adopt one model, one standard and the same design and application method in the design of residential environment, ecology and energy saving.
In the planning and design of low energy consumption and high comfort residential standards, environment, ecology and conservation consciousness are the key points. In order to live and work in peace and contentment and long-term sustainable development, we should vigorously promote the "green movement" and build economically, ecologically and environmentally sustainable residential buildings; We should pursue humanistic spirit, quality and ability and innovation. Building a better and fairer living environment under the condition of limited earth resources.
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