Information about the Dai people?

6? 1 Dai people mainly live in Pingba area, Dehong, Gengma and Menglian in Xishuangbanna, China. The population is 839797 (1982 statistics). Dai language belongs to Zhuang-Dai language branch of Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Dai people believe in Hinayana Buddhism, while retaining the customs of primitive polytheism. Dai people have a long history. Their ancestors settled in the southwest of China 2000 years ago, and they are recorded in the historical records of China under the names of "Mountain" and "Mountain". Dai music has a unique national style, including folk songs, song and dance music, rap music and opera music. 6? 1 6? 1 Folk songs, ballads, narrative songs, sad songs, religious songs, etc. 6? 1 6? 1 Folk songs are mostly sung by young people in fields and forests or sung by men and women. Some express their love, praise their hometown and celebrate a happy life, while others improvise. There are two kinds of folk songs in Dehong area: "Shouma" and "Shoutongmao". ① Shouts in mangshi, Yingjiang and other places can be divided into Cheng Zi folk songs (called "Shoule Meng" in Dai language, which is a popular folk song in towns) and Bazi folk songs (called "Shoule Jie" in Dai language, which is a popular folk song in rural areas). The former is softer and the latter is clearer. The popular shouting styles in different places are similar, and the basic characteristics of music are: lyrical melody, multi-purpose progressive and small jump, gong, Shang, Yu and Zheng modes are more common, and sometimes the modes alternate within the structure or deviate from the subordinate direction. Ancient folk songs (called "Hu Ban Matao" in Dai language) and folk songs popular in the covered areas (called "Hudanma" in Dai language) can be classified as Huma, but the styles are slightly different. The following example is the mangshi Chengzi folk song of Dehong: ② Shout Tong Mao, which is a folk song circulating in Ruili. The music is hearty, multi-modal and free in rhythm. The tune jumps seven degrees in the middle and jumps up and down continuously at the end, which is quite distinctive. When men and women sing love songs in pairs, they call it "shouting will be cool", which means love songs. Ruili is also popular with the folk songs "Shouliang Dai" and "Shouleng Dang" in the Dai area of Myanmar, with unique music. The following example is Dehong Ruili's shout: 6? 1 6? 1 In addition to all kinds of song and dance music mentioned above, many folk dances, such as elephant foot drum dance, peacock dance dance, fish dance, red deer dance and gong dance, are popular in Dai areas, accompanied by percussion instruments. 6? 1 6? 1 rap music is mainly popular in Xishuangbanna and Menglian. Dai people invite folk singers to participate in celebrations, building new houses, getting married and giving birth, and Buddha ceremonies. This semi-professional artist is called "Zanha" in Xishuangbanna and "Wogan" in Menglian. There are Zanha tune, Wogan tune, Menglian tune, etc. One person sings, one person accompanies, and two musical instruments accompany, namely cymbals and Xiqi. Melody is closely combined with language, and the rhythm is relatively stable. The music structure is basically the repeated changes of paragraphs, and the lyrics are mostly rhyming. Because the structure of lyrics is free, the number and length of phrases are not fixed; Musical instrument accompaniment often forms a polyphonic relationship with the voice. 6? 1 6? 1 Drama Music Dai drama is developed on the basis of Dai folk songs and song-and-dance music, and draws lessons from the expression means of Han drama art, and spreads in Dehong, Baoshan, Lincang and other Dai inhabited areas. Dai opera includes a variety of male and female vocals, with male voices mostly in feather mode and female voices mostly in sign mode. Since the 1950s, Dai drama has absorbed a variety of Dai folk songs and dance music, enriching the singing content and enhancing the expressive force of music. The aria of Dai opera is basically a section composed of upper and lower sentences, and its changes are repeated. Because the number of lyrics is more or less, the length of aria phrases is also different. In the past, Dai opera was only accompanied by drums, gongs and cymbals, and then gradually adopted a variety of national musical instruments and western stringed instruments to form a new Dai opera band. 6? 1 6? 1 Dai national musical instruments belong to playing instruments, such as cymbals, cucurbits, clarinets and konoha. Plucked musical instruments include piano, oral string, etc. Bowstring instruments include western reeds and horn reeds. Percussion instruments include elephant foot drum, light dragon, light edge, light state, gong, cymbal and so on. The ensemble of elephant foot drum, gong and cymbal is the main form of Dai instrumental ensemble. 6? 1 6? 1Since 1950s, China artists and artists have collected, arranged and studied the national music heritage. Zanha Association was established in Xishuangbanna to organize folk singers' singing and creative activities. Musicians of all ethnic groups have created and adapted various genres of music works, such as Dai drama A Bing and Sang Luo, dance drama and film music Princess Peacock, dance music peacock dance, Little Bu Shao, Chasing Fish, On the Road of Sending Grain, songs There is a Beautiful Place, Xishuangbanna and My Hometown.