The main clear gongs and drums are "Weifeng Gongs and Drums", "Taiyuan Gongs and Drums", "Jiangzhou Drums and Drums", "Yue Village Orphans", "Catty Scale Gongs and Drums" and so on.
Weifeng Gongs and Drums
Since 1988, Shanxi's Weifeng Gongs and Drums have been performing from the Agricultural Games to the Asian Games, from the Folk Art Festival in the provincial capital to the 40th Anniversary Celebration in Tiananmen Square, which has really brought out the prestige of Shanxi's folk art, enjoying a good reputation throughout the country and being heard all over the world.
Weifeng gongs and drums are Han Chinese folk arts popular in Huozhou, Hongdong, Fenxi and Linfen. According to legend, in 619 A.D., Li Shimin fought against Liu Wuzhou in Huozhou, beating the drum to meet the battle, sounding the gong to close the army, advancing and retreating in an orderly manner, and won the victory, and so the Wei Feng gongs and drums were passed down. This kind of gongs and drums is characterized by its "powerful style". From the configuration of the gongs and drums, the organization of the playing team, the performance, and the dress code, all of them display the wind.
Firstly, the sound is very impressive. The sound of the gongs and drums is not seen in the form, but is heard in the factory, and it is like a thunderclap, extraordinary. In fact, it uses a very simple instrument, only drums, gongs, cymbals, cymbals four pieces. The traditional configuration ratio is drums 2 gongs 8 cymbals 4 cymbals 2. The number of people has been expanded to four or five hundred people, increasing the proportion of drums and gongs, so that the sound is more prominent. The performance method is that the drums conduct, the gongs play, and the cymbals and cymbals are divided into two parts, playing alternately. The musical phrases are often treated as "double phrases". Hundreds of drums, hundreds of gongs, hundreds of pay cymbals, *** sound playing, sound such as heaven and earth roar, so that people feel that year Li Shimin led the mighty battle. Because of the variety of rhythmic changes, there are 2/4 3/4 4/4, and 3/8 5/8 appear, thus showing a variety of colors, so that people feel interesting, bright but not monotonous, strong and contains the soft beauty.
Secondly, the style of the gongs and drums is very powerful. The songs of the gongs and drums are not only independent, but also linked together in sets. Its multi-part suite is generally divided into three parts, namely, "the head", "the main body" and "the end". The style, phrase and rhythm are mostly marching; the names of the pieces are mostly military: "Single Sword to the Meeting", "Three Battles with Lu Bu", "Ambush on All Sides", "Five Horses Breaking Cao", "Six Out of Qishan", "Seven Captures of Mengwu", etc. Most of the pieces start with the "beating of the drums" and are played with a combination of ups and downs, tension and relaxation. The performance starts from the "drumming", with ups and downs, combining tension and relaxation, but not away from the majestic theme, creating a battlefield atmosphere of swords and blades.
Thirdly, it is a powerful performance. Mighty wind gongs and drums play to hundreds of people, all ancient soldier attire, set up a battle array, before and after the retreat, left and right to open and close; a sudden wind, a sudden rain hit the withered leaves; separate the elephant gossip, cloud set yin and yang double. That scene is really amazing, but also really touching.
Fourth, the dance style, players in the performance, combined with the rhythm of the drums scene changes, make all kinds of dance style. Drummers have "left and right bow", "horse stance impact", "interspersed against the fight", "open and close fighting"; gong players have The gong player has the "backward front punch" and "backward bow"; the cymbal player has the "cymbal high flip", "chest flip", and The cymbal player has "big cymbal high flip", "chest flip", "single flip", "double flip", "oblique fork", "positive fork", etc. The drums, gongs and cymbals have been turned into swords, guns and knives here, and the players have become generals and officers. The performers have become generals, officers and soldiers, majestic, a killing spirit, "dance" into "martial arts". Playing and cleverly and freely use the "drum flower", "gong flower", "cymbal flower", plus flogging on the wrist of the ribbon decoration, the whole scene appears to be colorful, giving people a pleasing sense of relief The feeling of "martial arts" has become "dance".
Taiyuan Gongs and Drums
Taiyuan Gongs and Drums is a kind of gongs and drums music popular in Taiyuan and Jinzhong. There are many kinds of music, such as "flowing water" and "one, two, five". The "flowing water" is said to have come from Liu Zhiyuan of the Later Han Dynasty, whose sister lived in the village of Guzhai in Taiyuan, and was greeted with gongs and drums whenever she went out to play the music to take the meaning of "Fortune is like a long flowing river in the East China Sea". The name "One, Two, Five" is based on the rhythm of the gongs.
The Taiyuan gongs and drums are divided into two groups, one large and the other small. The instruments are big drums (some are about five feet in diameter), big cymbals and big cymbals, and the big drums are the leaders. The big drum is the leader, while the small gongs are war drums, horse gongs, and two cymbal hinges. The distinctive features of the song structure and percussion art are: repeated chapters and sentences, staggered lengths, like the sentence structure of classical poems, which can give people the impression of heavy and compactness, and repetitive loops. The performance often uses sharp stops, such as the rests in the score, giving a deep impression of cleanliness. When the performance is slow, it is like gurgling water, and when it is rapid, it is like a big wave; when it is lightly struck, the luan bells tinkle, and when it is heavily struck, the thunderbolt roars. The player's mood is excited, suddenly throwing cymbals, suddenly holding a golden gourd. The sound, the feeling, the performance are intertwined and fused, fascinating.
Taiyuan gongs and drums often introduce competition into their performances by pitting two teams against each other. When the first team's song ends, the second team's song begins, or both teams start playing at the same time. This kind of performance, the more you play, the more you see the more exciting, sometimes playing up to five or six hours and refused to stop.
Jiangzhou Drum Music
Xin Jiang County, the ancient name of Jiangzhou. It is one of the treasures of Shanxi's gong music. Huaqing drums, Fennan car drums, wearing phase drums and gongs, are born here; "The King of Qin pointing troops", "Mouse marrying his wife", "Rolling walnuts on the Xia slope", etc. are all sublimated here. Jiangzhou drum music will become an illustrious chapter in the history of Chinese music.
The King of Qin's Breaking Music. King of Qin, the title of Li Shimin before he ascended the throne. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Wuzhou of Shuozhou rebelled and took over the province of Jinzhou, reaching the east of the river, and Li Yuanji, the king of Qi, ran back to Chang'an in defeat. Li Shimin asked for the order to lead the army to cross the river to the east, and he was stationed in Bi Bi, Jiangzhou, fighting in the east and killing in the west, attacking in the south and advancing in the north, recovering the state of Bingzhou in one fell swoop, and preserving the world of the Li family. When he returned to Taiyuan in triumph, the army made the "King of Qin Broken Battlefield Music" to welcome him. It is written in the history that this music is mainly made by "beating big drums" and "mixed with the music of Guzi". Nowadays, not only is there a "drum-beating platform" in Xinjiang, but also the gongs and drums of "Little King Qin's Disorderly Pointing of Troops" and "King Tang's Exit from the City" are popular. I am afraid that the richness and prosperity of Jiangzhou drum music is related to this significant historical source.
"The King of Qin Takes Point of Soldiers". This is a new piece from the 1980s. On the basis of the original "King of Qin breaking music", taking "Fennan car drums", "flower knocking drums", "tiger knocking teeth" and other drum species song components, into this masterpiece. It is the new drum music in the socialist era, which is the pride of the Yellow River culture and the pride of the Chinese culture, as it has stirred up Beijing twice and shocked Paris.
The whole piece of "The King of Qin Points Out His Troops" includes six parts, namely, introduction, drum side section, drum heart section, gong section, colorful section and finale section, which is properly structured and complete. It integrates the characteristics of folk suites with the structure of modern tunes, which makes the folk music of gongs and drums jump up to a new level.
The music is based on the theme of going out to war, starting from the marshal's ascension to the tent and ending with the officers and soldiers entering, arranging themselves in formation, and practicing martial arts in preparation for going out to war. The instrumentation is divided into two parts, high and low, with school drums, pawn drums, and small brass instruments in the high notes; and marshal drums, general drums, and large brass instruments in the low notes. According to the requirements of the theme, different means of playing are used, including solo, counterpoint, ensemble, dry percussion, flower percussion, mixed percussion, slow, medium, and fast; four beats, three beats, and two beats. The long horn in the introduction brings people into the ancient battlefield position; the drum side adopts the drum rim, drum bong, drum ring, drum nail, and plays against the plywood and ensemble, which is novel and colorful. The colorful section absorbs the colorful techniques of the Western concerto, which is unique and reflects the optimism of the generals before the battle.
Flower Drum
Flower Drum
Flower Drum, also known as Flower Drum, is also called Dry Drum. It is not accompanied by gongs and cymbals, leather and wood dry playing as a feature, the whole circle is also rare. Therefore, in the performance of the drum as much as possible to play the advantages of the drum, tap the potential of the drum, playing all parts of the drum, even the drum ring, drum nails are not spared, but also summarize the drumming skills, so that people refreshingly different from one side of the world. The flower knocking drum thus got its name, and spread in all directions.
Yue Village (钅瓜)子
Because it was produced in Yue Village, Wenshui, (钅瓜) is a facsimile of the sound of the small cymbal played by the main instrument, hence its name. This set of gongs and drums has only two instruments, drums and cymbals. However, they can produce the wind, rain, thunder and lightning of nature, and the joy, anger and sadness of the world. It is all based on the changes of striking skills. For example, the drum has a positive hit, light hit, side hit, bang hit; cymbals have a rub hit, throw hit, muffled hit, flat hit; each hit can also be subdivided, *** playing skills no less than dozens of kinds. Its famous song is "Thunder and Lightning", there are "cumulative clouds in the sky", "thunder in the distance", "rain is coming", "dark clouds on top of the roof "thunder", "wind and rain", "the rain is over", "the fields are green", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy", "the people are happy". ", "People are happy", the mood is very touching. The traditional combination of the band is 42 people and 42 instruments.
Catty Weighing Gongs and Drums
Originally known as the "Catty Weighing Song", it is popular in the Changzhi area. This kind of gongs and drums is played with the conversion of sixteen taels a catty of the old weighing system and ten taels a catty of the new weighing system, as if it is a logarithmic table written on the gongs and drums. The whole set of gongs and drums is played continuously for fifteen times. Because of the different phrases of the weighing song, it is not possible to play a gong to the end, nor can it be repeated and overlapped, and it is even different from the general playing of the song, which is played in accordance with the law of "Asking for a catty and asking for two": first, 625, second, 125, third, 1,875, fourth, 25, and ...... till Fifteen 9375, sixteen a catty end. Drums play all over the law is very different. The players must be skillful in the vocabulary of the song and the number of points of the gongs and drums. This kind of gongs and drums math, integration of knowledge, fun, entertainment in one, the author's heart can be described as excellent. Although its mathematical application has become a thing of the past, its cultural and entertainment functions will always exist.
Back ice flower gongs and drums
This kind of gongs and drums is popular in the area of Yongji on the bank of the Yellow River, originating from the ancient river festival. The performers are all men, bare-chested and bare-legged, each carrying a piece of ice and an iron stick with a bouquet of flowers. They carry gongs and drums on their backs and beat them as they walk, from outside the mountain village to the village. It gives people a sense of roughness and wildness, and has a kind of ancient and simple mood. Dance gongs and drums are a combination of dance and drums, and the drums and drums players are also dance performers, also known as drums and drums. This is a relatively old art form, Shanxi has a large family, now choose the main two introduced.
Turning Drums
This is a kind of drum dance which is mainly circulated in Xiangfen County, and it is famous for turning around and striking the drums. It is said to have begun in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It has a rich repertoire of drums, with more than a hundred original songs and more than thirty in circulation today. Most of the songs are short and concise, with the form A-B-A, and the B section is the main body, full of changes. The content of the performance is quite rich, mainly rural life themes, but also historical stories, animal posture, vivid name gives people great attraction. What "small child shake the columbine", "pouting noodles", "picking beans", "sparrow chirping", "The Lion's Mouth" and so on. The drumming technique is also colorful, so there are more than ten different kinds of sound, simulating life and making people feel more intimate. Harmonized with the sound, the accompanying dance is light and bright, dexterous and changeable. Because the drums are placed on a fixed drum kit, the performers are more comfortable performing the dance.
Fan drums
Fan drums are also known as Taiping drums. South to Quwo for the most, north to Shuozhou said good, is a kind of rap drum, began in the gods. The drum is shaped like a fan, the name is based on the shape. The drum is single-sided and is struck with rattan or bamboo strips. The drum handle is adorned with several iron rings, and the sound of jingling when dancing adds a bit of fun. The drummer, dancer and rapper of the fan drum are all three in one, and there is no need for separate accompaniment. There are many variations of drumming skills and dancing postures, and the content of the rap is updated with the times and close to the hearts of the masses. There is no limit to the number of performers, no special requirements for costumes, and the venue can be anywhere, making the activity easy and popular among the masses. Quwo fan drums also remain in Nuo dance marks, you can see the evolution of primitive rituals to the mass entertainment trajectory. Basic Introduction
Historical records, Shanxi Province, Han Chinese music began in the Qin and Han. Han folk suona-based blowing music is mature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and popularized to the folk, very common in the province.
Some experts categorize the folk music into two types: coarse blowing and fine blowing. Coarse blowing instruments are suona, shawm, pipe, drums, gongs, cymbals, mostly used for folk festivals, social fire accompaniment, the main form of folk music.
The folk music can be divided into north and south. Taiyuan south of blowing and heavy, wind instruments are mainly suona, and often two, three suona and blowing, blowing a section of the special percussion performance, percussion sound and performance of the expression of the dynamic combination of throwing a variety of percussion techniques, very attractive. The North Road is mainly concentrated in Xinzhou, Dingxiang, Wutai, Yuanping, Daixian and Fanchi. The focus is on blowing, and the gongs and drums are only for cooperation. The wind instruments are mainly suona and pipe, as well as sea flute (small suona) and whistle, which must be accompanied by sheng. In fact, it is a fusion of rough blowing and fine blowing (sheng and pipe music, small percussion). Make more expressive, adapt to a wider range, more demanding skills. The repertoire is very rich, in addition to the opera blowing, folk songs and traditional songs, the temple Buddhist music is also a master. Many famous artists are here, such as the famous sheng player Hu Tianquan and Yan Haideng, the famous suona player Yin Erwen and Hu Jinquan, and the famous pipe player Zhang Guigui.
Fine blowing mainly refers to Buddhist and Taoist music, which is folk indoor light music, wind instruments are mainly sheng pipe, percussion instruments in addition to small pieces of drums and gongs hinges, ding whistles, and add some Buddhist and Taoist instruments, such as bells and chimes, fish, drums, and simple boards. The sound color is clear and elegant.
Famous repertoire
There are two kinds of blowing and beating repertoire introduced here:
1. Five Tigers Climbing the Mountain
This is a new piece of work based on the Hongdong Golden Drums' "Five Fortunes for Longevity," which is blended with blowing, pounding, and dancing, and it is in one piece, with a bold and cool tone, a rich repertoire, and a cheerful dance, which expresses the people's heroic and upward temperament. It is performed by five drummers, introduced at the beginning of the open door song played by suona, played by a big drum and accompanied by four small drums, with a loud, resounding and intensive sound, and a dashing and cool style. The whole song has a tiger's head, a leopard's waist and a phoenix's tail, and the effect is touching.
2, big victory
Jinbei Blow Music is one of the representative repertoire, used for festivals and social fire accompaniment, hot and warm, fast-paced. Generally by the "over the team", "play the child", "over the street", "hanging mallet", "Step by step", "flying around the sky" and other five or six tracks, showing the theme of triumphant return from the battlefield and the rejoicing of the people and the army. This piece is played by suona, accompanied by sheng, gongs and other percussion instruments. The music is introduced by a big gong playing thirteen times rapidly, which retains the style of returning from the ancient battlefield in triumph. Some blowing experts, after finishing and processing the music, have played abroad many times.