Another nickname: bamboo flute; Flute; "Side blowing"
Application clef: treble clef, no shift notation.
Structure: It is a long tube slightly thicker than fingers, with several small holes on it.
A common six-hole bamboo flute consists of a flute head, a blowing hole (1), a membrane hole (1), a sound hole (6), a back sound hole (1), a front sound hole (2, also called barrel sound) and a flute tail.
Material: Flute body is generally made of bamboo.
The flute membrane (a small sheet attached to the membrane hole when playing) is generally composed of the inner membrane in the tender reed stem.
The application of flute membrane is to select adhesive. At present, there are Ejiao, donkey skin cream, yellow croaker gum, resin, bletilla striata and so on. Colla Corii Asini and Rhizoma Bletillae are the most commonly used, which can be bought in general Chinese medicine shops and pharmacies. Because the flute membrane itself has certain flexibility and water absorption, the pasted flute membrane will automatically recover to a certain extent, so it can be slightly tight when pasted. After automatic recovery, the flute membrane is moderately elastic and can make a pleasant sound, but if it is to be used with paste, the flute membrane must be relaxed before it can be pasted. When pasting the film, first cut a square flute film so that the fiber of the flute film overlaps with the fiber of the flute in parallel, then dip Ejiao in water and apply it around the hole of the film, pinch both sides of the flute film with your thumb and forefinger, and pull out wrinkles perpendicular to the fiber lines of the flute film, then slowly press it downward and stick it, and then hold it for a while after adjustment. The collection of flute films should pay attention to moisture and sun protection, and it should be replaced if it becomes yellow, aging and loses elasticity. If the fresh flute membrane needs to be preserved for a long time, it can be wrapped in plastic bags and put into the freezer of the refrigerator for preservation. )
Musical Instrument Features: It belongs to woodwind instrument family. It is a typical national musical instrument in China.
Choice of flute
The choice of flute should be considered from the quality and category of flute. The quality of the flute depends not only on the quality of the flute tube itself, but also on the level of production. When purchasing, you should check:
1, check the bamboo quality of the flute. Flute pipes require strong bamboo (bamboo grain is old). Bamboo has a good texture. This pipe is straight and round. Generally, the head of flute body is slightly thicker than the tail, but the difference should not be too big. The flute has a medium thickness. The inner wall of flute tube is flat and smooth. There is no moth, crack and other phenomena in the whole body. Beautiful and generous appearance. These requirements can be identified by vision.
2. Check the pitch of the flute. The method is to play according to the standard flute or musical instrument (accordion, electronic organ, etc.) as far as possible. ) sound calibration instrument. After the tonic is determined, check the accuracy of all the sounds of the flute according to the interval relationship. You can also play overtones to see if it is easy to generate and clean up. Checking overtones is also a good way to check the pitch of real sounds.
3. Check the volume of the flute. Generally speaking, the loudest one is better. The loud flute is loud and vibrates strongly. Sometimes your fingers will feel numb when you play.
4. Check the timbre of the flute. The general requirements for timbre are loose, thick, round and bright, which depends on the quality of the flute itself, on the other hand, it is closely related to the film pasting technology and playing skills.
5. Check the sensitivity of the flute. Generally speaking, it is better to exhale without dull pronunciation, and the sooner you react, the better.
6. Beginners should choose the tune. The same bamboo flute has various tonality. How to choose? Generally speaking, it is more suitable for beginners to choose alto flute, e or f flute. Because this kind of flute is easy to play and has a moderate pitch, it is also often used for playing. If conditions permit, you want to choose more flutes. Then besides the flutes in E and F, you can also choose A Qu Di in D and A Band-Aid in G, which are also commonly used.
Types of grooves
BAND-AID
Bangdi is used to accompany the northern Bangzi opera.
Flute body is thin and short, and its timbre is high, bright and powerful, with emphasis on tongue skills.
In the performance, it shows a strong local color, and it is more intense in the use of breath. It adopts special skills such as fast tongue jumping, strong overlapping sound, and interesting tongue sounds.
Band-Aid is good at expressing vigorous, lively and quick feelings, and has a strong northern color, which is inseparable from the regional characteristics, living and working habits of the people in the north.
It is mostly used for accompaniment of blowing songs, Ju Ping Opera and Bangzi Opera (such as Shaanxi Opera, Hebei Bangzi, Pu Opera, etc.). ) In the north, it can also be used for solo.
Qu Di
Qu Di, also known as "Bundhit", "Shidi" or "Tiexian (silk wrapped) Di", is used to accompany southern Kunqu opera. Because it is abundant in Suzhou, it is also called "Su Causeway".
Most of them are c or d keys.
The pipe body is thick and long, the timbre is pure and mellow, the transportation is long, and the strength changes carefully. It is often played first and then combined, with three rhymes, melodious and euphemistic, and the tunes played are beautiful, exquisite and gorgeous, with a strong Jiangnan charm.
The timbre is beautiful and clear, and the timbre can be controlled freely. The techniques of calling, playing, leaning and vibrato on the flute are widely used, which requires full and even breath and minimal staccato.
Qu Di is widely popular in southern China, suitable for solo and ensemble, and it is one of the distinctive instruments in local music such as Kunqu Opera, Jiangnan bamboo silk, southern Jiangsu percussion, Chaozhou dialect flute, Chaozhou dialect gongs and drums.
Flute is one of the most distinctive playing instruments in China. In May, 1986 and 16 vertical bone flutes (made of bird limb bones) were excavated at the early Neolithic site in Jia Hu Village, Wuyang County, Henan Province, with a history of more than 8,000 years. For vertical blowing, the sound holes range from five to eight, and most of them are seven-tone flutes, which have roughly the same scale as the China tradition we are familiar with now. Bone flute is engraved with an equal sign next to the sound hole, and some sound holes are punched, which is completely in line with today's China tune and can still be used to play the current folk music "Chinese Cabbage".
The history of flute
During the period of the Yellow Emperor, that is, about 4000 years ago, a large number of bamboos grew in the Yellow River basin, and bamboo was chosen as the material for making flutes. According to historical records, "The Yellow Emperor asked Ling Lun to chop bamboo in Kunming, cut it down to make a flute and blow it to Feng Ming". Taking bamboo as village material is a great progress in flute making. Bamboo vibrates better than bones, and its pronunciation is crisp. Both kinds of bamboo are easy to process. There were seven kinds of flutes in Qin and Han Dynasties, and two kinds of flutes were invented. Cai Yong, Xunxu and Liang Wudi all made twelve flutes, that is to say, one flute is unified.
The flute was called "Qi" in ancient times. Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in Han Dynasty recorded: "flute, seven holes, bamboo flute".
1978 Two bamboo flutes were unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Sui County, Hubei Province, and two bamboo flutes were unearthed from the tomb of Han Dynasty at Mawangdui No.3 in Changsha, Hunan Province. The unearthed gnats and the Chinese gnats recorded in ancient books are identical in shape except for a slight difference in length. The unearthed flute is the same as the record, and the word "pool" is written on the bamboo tube in the tomb. It's an ancient bamboo flute. Qi in ancient times was very similar to a flute. It is always said that Qi and flute are the same musical instrument, but there are differences. From the unearthed flutes and flutes, it can be seen that the flute, with 6 holes and closed mouth, can play five tones plus one tone sandhi and is covered all over; Flute, 7 holes, opening, can play seven notes plus two variations, without drawing. During the Warring States period, Qi was one of the main musical instruments for sacrificial ceremonies or banquets, and the flute was also very popular. Qu Yuan's student Song Yu also talked about the southern flute at that time, which is very similar to today's flute.