Plants are widely distributed in nature and are an indispensable part of nature, providing food and important industrial raw materials for human beings. They are closely related to people's lives. However, the chemical composition of plants is complex, and many of them are toxic substances, which will cause many diseases and even death if they are not careful. Plants can often be seen in novels. Here I want to classify poisonous plants according to their main toxic components and make a more detailed summary. Many of them are very familiar, and their toxicity may not have been known before. Then let's start together:
According to the toxic components contained in plants, I divide them into the following categories and elaborate them respectively:
First, plants containing glycosides
1, oleander: evergreen shrub with pink or white flowers, widely distributed, and its leaves, flowers and bark are toxic. I've seen it myself. When I was a child, I liked to pick its flowers to play with. There are many oleanders in the place where I study now, so I can only appreciate them and dare not do them again.
2. Digitalis: also known as Digitalis, a herb, is cultivated everywhere. The whole column has short hair, oval leaves, flowers in early summer, facing one side, and the leaves are poisonous.
3. Lily of the valley: a herb, wild in the northeast and northern mountainous areas, with bell-shaped flowers, white fragrance and poisonous whole grass.
4. Convolvularia barbata: Also known as Jatropha curcas, shrubs, cultivated in Yunnan, Guangdong and other places in China, with yellow flowers, purple spots and milky white, the whole plant is poisonous.
5. Poisonous arrow tree: also known as "blood-sealing throat", deciduous tree, distributed in Guangxi, Hainan and other places, 20~25 meters high, oval leaves, purple flesh and poisonous juice.
6. Others: sorghum seedlings, cassava, apricots, peaches, plums, kernels, polygala tenuifolia, platycodon grandiflorum and Gleditsia sinensis.
Second, plants containing alkaloids.
1, Datura stramonium: herb, 1 ~ 2 meters high, erect stems, oval leaves, tubular flowers in summer, funnel-shaped corolla, white, the whole plant is toxic, and the seeds are the most toxic. (It's also a kind of flower I used to pick when I was a child, haha)
2. Belladonna: A perennial herb with alternate leaves, bell-shaped, lavender, berry-shaped fruit, dark purple at maturity, and toxic leaves and roots. (Having eaten its fruit)
3. Fairy: Herbs are wild in Northeast China, Hebei, Gansu and other places. The whole plant is hairy, smelly, flowering in summer, funnel-shaped and yellow, and the whole plant is poisonous.
4. Aconitum: Herbaceous plant, distributed in the hilly areas of central and eastern China, with erect stems, flowering in autumn and poisonous roots.
5. Hemlock: Herbaceous plant, distributed in northeast, north, northwest and Inner Mongolia of China. The rhizome is fat, fragrant and sweet. In autumn, the stems are hollow, the flowers are white, and the whole grass is poisonous.
6. Gelsemium: also known as beautiful ash, evergreen shrub, flowering in summer. Distributed in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian, its roots, stems and leaves are poisonous and used by the people to kill insects. I have heard of the name of Lysimachia christinae, but I have never seen it with my own eyes. )
7. Others: Tripterygium wilfordii (poisonous root) and nux vomica (wooden turtle) are highly toxic.
Third, plants containing toxic protein.
1, acacia beans, also known as red beans, are distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places in southern China. They are woody vines with thin branches, blooming in spring and summer, and the seeds are beige. Its roots, leaves and seeds are all poisonous, and the seeds are the most poisonous. I don't even want to believe this when I look up the information, hehe. )
2. Croton tree: arbor, distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Taiwan Province and other places, flowering in summer, with poisonous seeds.
Fourth, plants containing phenols.
1, Ivy: evergreen woody vine, distributed everywhere, with oval leaves, blooming in late autumn and spherical and orange fruits. The whole plant is poisonous.
2. Poisonous derris: also known as Derris pubescens, distributed in coastal areas of China, with small leaves, fruit inclusions and toxic roots and leaves. It is mainly toxic to fish.
3. Others: oak, kudzu, sumac, sweet potato, betel nut, etc. Special note: chewing betel nut will increase the incidence of oral cancer.
Verb (short for verb) others
1. Mushroom: There are many kinds, belonging to fungi, so I won't repeat them here.
2. Other common poisonous plants: Solanum nigrum, Buxus buxus, Ricinus communis, Chrysanthemum, Cimicifuga rhizome, Holly, hyacinthus orientalis, cactus, mango (skin and seed), mistletoe, mulberry, poinsettia, iris, Sambucus williamsii, rhododendron, evergreen, etc.
There are all kinds of poisonous plants, which may be around you. Plants spread toxins mainly through skin and clothing contact, sometimes be careful.