Children's age is divided into several periods, and children's growth and development is a continuous process with certain stages. According to this, it can be divided into different age groups. Different ages have their own characteristics, and children are divided into several periods.
Children's age can be divided into several periods 1 According to different ages, children can be divided into fetus, newborn, infancy, infancy, preschool, school age and adolescence.
1. Fetal period: including the early, middle and late stages of the fetus.
(1) Early fetus: before pregnancy 12 weeks.
(2) Mid-fetal period: 13- 28 weeks of pregnancy, during which the functions of fetal organs develop rapidly.
(3) Late fetus: 29-40 weeks of pregnancy, during which fetal weight increases rapidly.
2. Neonatal period: within 28 days after fetal delivery and umbilical cord ligation; Within 7 days after birth, it is the early neonatal period, and it is the period with the highest morbidity and mortality.
3. Infantile period: within 1 year after the delivery of the fetus and expected ligation, this period includes the neonatal period.
4. Early childhood: 1 to 3 years old.
5, preschool: 3 years old to 6~7 years old.
6. School age: 6-7 years old to pre-puberty.
7. Adolescence: 1 1~ 12 years old to 17~ 18 years old (female) or 13~ 14 years old to18 years old.
Children's growth and development is gradual, and their anatomical, psychological and physiological functions are different at different ages.
The age of children is divided into several periods. 2 (1) Fetal period: 8 weeks before pregnancy is the embryonic period, and the ninth week is the fetal period. Perinatal period is from 28th week of pregnancy to postnatal 1 week. Genetic factors, pregnancy infection, poisoning, pregnant women's nutrition and psychological state are all factors that affect fetal development. Health care for pregnant women, adequate nutrition supply, prevention of infection, and maintaining a good mental state.
Regular examination is helpful to the development of the fetus. Perinatal child mortality accounts for about 70% of neonatal mortality. Therefore, we should pay special attention to perinatal health care, prevent intrauterine infection and premature delivery, carry out biochemical tests such as amniotic fluid chromosome shedding when necessary, make prenatal diagnosis of some hereditary diseases and congenital malformations, and take corresponding measures to reduce perinatal mortality.
Prenatal health care measures include consultation for pregnant women, maternal nutrition, prevention and treatment of maternal infectious diseases (such as toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, rubella, herpes virus and syphilis), monitoring and early treatment of high-risk pregnancy, monitoring of fetal growth and screening of some hereditary diseases.
(2) Neonatal period: 28 days after the fetus is delivered and the umbilical cord is ligated. Neonatal period is the period when the fetus adjusts and adapts to the external environment of uterus after birth, and its problems are mostly caused by maladjustment, such as too cold and too hot environment. Others such as birth defects, premature delivery, deformity, etc. Newborns are vulnerable to infection due to insufficient immune function and poor barriers such as skin and mucosa. Rapid growth and poor digestive function, so we should attach great importance to gradually adapting to its digestive function from the beginning of feeding.
The focus of health care measures in neonatal period is reasonable feeding, and it is best to choose breastfeeding, protect isolation and prevent infection. In recent years, it has been emphasized that maternal contact with newborns immediately and breastfeeding within a few hours can not only promote breast milk secretion, but also play an important role in establishing mother-infant dependence.
(3) Infantile period: from the 28th day of birth to 1 year-old, this period takes milk as the staple food and grows rapidly. For example, the body length increased by 50%, the weight increased by 200%, the head circumference increased by 30%, and the deciduous teeth began to grow, and they could sit, climb and learn to walk. Their physiological functions are still developing, so such rapid growth and development need adequate nutrition supply, but the digestive function is insufficient.
Health care measures in infancy: breastfeeding, reasonable artificial feeding, timely addition of complementary food, planned vaccination, prevention of respiratory tract infection, and promotion of normal growth and development.
(4) Early childhood: 1 ~ 3 years old. During this period, the growth and development slowed down, the function of cerebral cortex was further improved, the language expression ability was gradually enriched, the imitation ability was enhanced, the intelligence developed rapidly, the requirements were improved, people could walk and exercise independently, the scope of knowledge expanded rapidly, and the contact with things increased, but they still lacked the ability of self-recognition. There are many infectious diseases and infectious diseases.
Health care measures: reasonable feeding and good eating habits, language training and early education, pay attention to safety nursing and prevent infectious diseases.
(5) preschool: 3 ~ 6 years old. Preschool children's physical development slows down, their intellectual development is further accelerated, and they are eager for knowledge and curiosity, and their self-control ability is still poor.
Health care measures: In this period, we should pay attention to the development of potential intelligence, but step by step to avoid forcing it to adapt to its development speed. This is an important period for preschool education. To cultivate the idea of loving labor and the collective, we should still pay attention to the supply of adequate nutrition and safe nursing.
(6) School age: 6 ~ 12 years old. Most of the school-age children's organs except reproductive system have matured, their organ functions, especially their brains, are more perfect, their memory is strong, their intelligence is developing rapidly, their physical resistance is enhanced, and infectious diseases are reduced, but allergic diseases such as connective tissue disease, nephritis and allergic purpura are increasing, and their symptoms are basically similar to those of adults. Its health care measures should attach importance to ideological education, strengthen physical exercise and participate in appropriate labor.
The age of children is divided into several periods. 3 when is it appropriate for children to sleep in separate beds?
Some people say that it is right to separate beds at the age of 3 and separate rooms at the age of 5. When is the right time to sleep in separate beds with children? In fact, sleeping in separate beds should not be divided according to age.
. Every child is an independent individual and should not be divided into fixed age groups. Parents should allow children to have individual differences.
Some parents can't help asking, if not by age, what standard should it be divided by?
In fact, when children have these awareness or performance, parents can begin to prepare.
1, children have independent consciousness.
Some children are especially dependent on their parents. The strongest manifestation of this obsession with parents is in the stage before entering kindergarten. But when children enter the campus, they gradually adapt to the collective life on campus. Through a period of getting along, children have their own good friends, so they also have their own little secrets.
During this period, the child's mind gradually developed some sense of privacy and independence. In order to meet the growing needs of children, parents are advised to prepare in time and sleep in separate beds with their children.
2. After children have gender awareness,
Generally speaking, children can distinguish between men and women at about 3 years old and have a certain gender awareness. For example, they can distinguish men from women by the length of their hair and the color of their clothes.
Of course, every child has certain individual differences. Some children may be able to tell the difference between men and women at about 2 years old, while some children may not be interested in it until about 4 years old.
In order to let children have a healthy psychological development space, parents can buy a children's bed for their children, put it next to the big bed, and give them a separate bed to sleep in.
3. The child has no opinion.
Nowadays, many families in the society are more fond of and pampered their children. So that some children are 8 or 9 years old and have no opinion at all.
I don't have my own ideas and requirements for anything. Food, clothing, housing and transportation. Everything is completely represented by parents.
Such children often have no opinions of their own and depend on their parents for everything. Therefore, sleeping in separate beds with children in time can effectively exercise their autonomy and independence.
Many parents say that children may be too young to take care of themselves, especially when sleeping. If they don't cover the quilt in time, they will catch cold and get sick.
There are also some parents who say that if children are timid and don't sleep with their parents, they are worried that they will wake up at night and affect the quality of sleep ... find various reasons not to sleep in separate beds with their children.
In fact, sleeping with parents does more harm than good.
1, children's independence is not strong.
At a certain stage, parents need to sleep in separate beds with their children. If parents still sleep with their children, it will have a certain impact on their psychological growth, and it will also have a certain negative impact on their initiative and independence.
2. Children will have a strong sense of insecurity.
When children have a certain degree of independence and strong gender awareness, parents are reluctant to sleep in separate beds with their children.
Doing so will bring a strong sense of insecurity to children. Therefore, in this case, parents need to conform to their children's needs and not interfere too much with their wishes, which is not good for their healthy growth!
Since the baby has reached a certain stage and needs to sleep in separate beds, it is good for both parents and children. In order to make the baby better adapt to sleeping in separate beds, parents can try to give the child a natural feeling!
How to guide children to sleep independently
1, step by step
Sleeping in separate beds needs to give children an adaptation process to make them more acceptable. Like sleeping in separate beds first. Put two beds in the parents' room. If the baby is timid, you can pull the two beds closer, slowly pull the distance between the two beds, or draw a curtain in the middle.
When children can adapt to this situation well, parents will consider sleeping in separate rooms. At the beginning of housing allocation, parents can comply with their children's requirements.
For example, the doors of both bedrooms are open, or the door of the children's bedroom is closed, and the door of the parents' bedroom is open, so as to meet the children's requirements, and the children's psychological fears will be less affected. After a long time, children can completely adapt to the habit of sleeping in separate rooms.
2. Decorate the room with the children
Take the children to choose the furniture and decorations in the room. The furniture in the room is all the children's own favorite, so the children's acceptance is higher.
At the same time, parents can also let their children set the layout of their own rooms. "Little designer", for the first time in my life, watched myself design my own nest to make children more willing to sleep in separate beds.
3. Educate children from the perspective of psychological development.
Most children may be reluctant to sleep in separate beds. Therefore, when children sleep in separate beds with their parents for the first time, parents must pay attention to their psychological changes.
Parents need children: parents and children sleep in separate beds, not without him. The purpose of sleeping in separate beds is to give children some independent space. After sleeping separately, dad's snoring will not disturb the child's sleep. Educate children in a positive way, not in a one-sided or extreme way.
I remember sleeping in separate beds when I was a child, and my parents threatened that I couldn't sleep well, so the tiger would come to eat the children. For this reason, children often have nightmares at night, dreaming that they were eaten by tigers, and they were awakened by nightmares several times.
Small stories that seem to scare children will bring a lot of harm to their young hearts, and fear may accompany them for life.
In the process of sleeping in separate beds (rooms), parents must pay attention to the ways and means, and at the same time pay attention to the psychological changes of children and give them positive guidance, so as to be conducive to the healthy growth of children.