/me? ct=5033 16480。 z = 0 & amptn = baiduimagedetail & ampword = % CE % FC % d 1% CC % D3 % D0 % BA % A6 % BD % a 1% BF % B5 & amp； in= 1566。 cl = 2 & ampcm= 1。 sc = 0 & amplm=- 1。 pn= 1。 rn= 1。 di = 19 1526 1900。 ln=2000
/me? ct=5033 16480。 z = 0 & amptn = baiduimagedetail & ampword = % CE % FC % d 1% CC % D3 % D0 % BA % A6 % BD % a 1% BF % B5 & amp； in = 1 1 165 & amp； cl = 2 & ampcm= 1。 sc = 0 & amplm=- 1。 pn = 17 & amp； rn= 1。 di=87337 1680。 ln=2000
Effects of smoking on health;
A cigarette contains more than 4000 different chemicals, 43 of which are carcinogens, so every time you smoke a cigarette, you inhale these 4000 chemicals, shortening your life by 5 ~ 15 minutes. Listed below
The composition of cigarette and its influence on health, appearance and image are introduced.
Effects of cigarette ingredients on health
1) nicotine
1. Addictive components.
2. Each cigarette contains 1~ 1.5 mg of nicotine, of which 24% is directly absorbed by smokers when smoking, just as long-term inhalation of 60~70 mg will lead to death.
3. Nicotine increases blood viscosity, makes cholesterol accumulate in blood vessels, and increases the chance of vascular occlusion.
4. Blood pressure rises and the heart beats faster.
5. Gastric acid secretion increases, and smokers are prone to gastric ulcer.
6. Obstruct the delivery of oxygen.
2) carbon monoxide
1. Carbon monoxide can slow down blood circulation, lead to fat accumulation, block blood vessels and increase the risk of coronary heart disease.
2. Long-term inhalation of carbon monoxide will reduce the oxygen content in the blood, make people breathe easily, reduce exercise and accelerate aging. Inhalation can lead to hypoxia in the heart, brain and other organs.
harm of smoking
In the report "Smoking and Health" published by the Ministry of Health in China in 2006, we can see such data: in 2002, the smoking rate of people over 5 years old in China was 35.8%, of which the smoking rates of men and women were 66.0% and 3. 1% respectively. It is estimated that there are about 350 million smokers, accounting for one third of the world's smokers. Besides, smokers in China tend to be younger. Compared with the 1980s, the average age of starting smoking decreased from 22.4 to 19.7. China is not only a big country in tobacco production, but also a big country in tobacco consumption. China's tobacco production is equivalent to the sum of the other seven largest tobacco producing countries. China sells/kloc-0.6 trillion cigarettes every year, and China people consume about one-third of the world's cigarettes. If all the deaths caused by smoking-related diseases are counted, there are about 654.38+0 million deaths every year.
At present, there are 1 1 billion smokers in the world, and it is estimated that 700 million people in China are directly or indirectly (passively) harmed by smoking. According to WHO statistics, as many as 4 million people die of smoking-related diseases every year, and one person dies of smoking-related diseases every second on average. If it is not controlled, by 2030, the number of people who die from smoking-related diseases will reach100000, and China will account for 2 million. According to the research report published by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 1997 to 5438+0 in 2006, an average of 250,000 men and180,000 women in the United States died from smoking or passive smoking. It is estimated that smoking has reduced the average life expectancy of American adults by 14 years. Among the adults who died of smoking, 39.8% died of cancer, 34.7% died of vascular diseases and 25.5% died of respiratory diseases. According to the data analysis of 34,400 British male smokers tracked by the Royal Cancer Research Foundation for 40 years, there are about 40 fatal diseases caused by smoking, including oral cancer, esophageal cancer, laryngeal cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer and endometrial cancer. Smoking has become an urgent problem that seriously endangers health, harms human living environment, reduces people's quality of life and shortens human life. Therefore, the United Nations designated May 3 1 as the Global Quitting Smoking Day, and the World Health Organization regarded smoking as a plague in the 20th century.
● Carcinogenic effect of smoking
China's "Smoking and Health" report in 2006 pointed out that since 1950s, a large number of global epidemiological studies have confirmed that smoking is the primary risk factor of lung cancer, and 87% of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking (including passive smoking). The mortality rate of lung cancer in male smokers is 8-20 times that of non-smokers. In addition, there is a dose-effect relationship between smoking and the occurrence of lung cancer. Smoking more than 25 cigarettes a day, the incidence of lung cancer is 227/65438+ ten thousand; 15 ~ 24 branch is 139/65438+ ten thousand; 1 ~ 14 branch is 75/65438+ ten thousand.
A study by a cancer center in the United States confirmed that when polycyclic aromatic hydroxyl compounds in smoke are inhaled into the lungs, they are oxidized into "phenylpropanediol epoxide" by a polycyclic hydroxyl activating enzyme in the body, which will mutate the P53 gene that inhibits tumors and lead to lung cancer. The research report published in Brj Cancer on June 5438+1 October 25th, 2005 (Doll et al. of Radcliffe College, Oxford University, UK) made a survey of 34,439 male doctors in the UK in the past 50 years (1, 956,5438+0,654,38+0 to 2006,5430). 9 people /65438+ 10,000 people/year). Like many other cancers, the death risk of lung cancer increases year by year with the increase of smokers.
● The harm of smoking to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Many studies have confirmed that smoking is one of the main risk factors for many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease in smokers has increased significantly. Statistics show that the incidence of coronary heart disease in smokers is 3% higher than that in non-smokers. The mortality rate of coronary heart disease is 6 times higher than that of the latter. The incidence of myocardial infarction in the former is 2-6 times higher than that in the latter, and pathological anatomy also shows that coronary atherosclerosis in the former is more extensive and serious than that in the latter. The incidence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease in smokers increased by 9-12 times. 30%-40% of cardiovascular deaths are caused by smoking, and the increase of mortality is directly proportional to the amount of smoking. In addition, smoking can increase the level of plasma fibrinogen, leading to dysfunction of coagulation system; Smoking can also affect the metabolism of arachidonic acid, reduce PGI2 _ 2 production and increase thromboxane A _ 2 relatively, thus further increasing vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. All these will promote the occurrence and development of hypertension and coronary heart disease. Due to myocardial hypoxia, myocardial stress increases and ventricular fibrillation threshold decreases, so smokers with coronary heart disease are more prone to arrhythmia and the risk of sudden death increases.
According to epidemiological investigation, the stroke risk of smokers is 2-3 of that of non-smokers. 5 times, if smoking and hypertension coexist, the risk of stroke will increase by nearly 20 times. In addition, smokers are prone to arteriosclerosis obliterans and thromboangiitis obliterans.
● Smoking can easily lead to sudden death.
After 12 years of research, scholar Framingham found that the sudden death caused by coronary heart disease in smokers is more than four times higher than that in non-smokers, and the incidence of sudden death is directly proportional to the number of cigarettes smoked every day. The follow-up study found that the recurrence rate of sudden death in the smoking cessation group was 65438 09%, while that in the continuing smoking group was 27%, with significant difference. Quitting smoking can reduce the recurrence rate of sudden death.
Experts pointed out that smoking can easily lead to sudden death because harmful substances such as carbon monoxide in smoke can easily induce coronary artery spasm, thus causing myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, leading to unstable myocardial electrical life activities. At the same time, nicotine and carbon monoxide can lower the threshold of myocardial ventricular fibrillation, which is more likely to cause ventricular fibrillation. In addition, it can also promote the hyperfunction of platelet aggregation and easily form intra-arterial thrombosis. These factors all contribute to the occurrence of sudden death. Therefore, smoking is an important risk factor of sudden cardiac death, and quitting smoking is one of the important measures to prevent sudden cardiac death.
● Smoking leads to poor eyesight.
A comparative study of St. Louis University Medical Center pointed out that smoking is a significant risk factor for sudden vision loss caused by ischemic foresight neuropathy. This is because smoking can easily increase the source of fibrin, increase platelet aggregation, reduce high-density lipoprotein, increase vasoconstriction, and thus reduce the blood supply to the optic nerve. The common symptoms of this ischemic optic neuropathy include blurred visual substances, single skin upper or lower visual field defect, and even complete blindness. Fortunately, as long as people quit smoking immediately and stick to it, the risk of ischemic optic neuropathy will be greatly reduced, even comparable to the incidence of non-smokers.
● The influence of smoking on women
Smoking is more harmful to women than to men. Smoking can lead to menstrual disorder, difficulty in conception, ectopic pregnancy, low estrogen, osteoporosis and early menopause. With the development of perinatal medicine, it is found that a large number of adverse perinatal events are related to smoking during pregnancy. Harmful substances such as carbon monoxide in smoke enter the fetal blood, forming carboxyhemoglobin, causing hypoxia; At the same time, nicotine constricts blood vessels, reduces the blood supply and nutrition supply of the fetus, and affects the normal growth and development of the fetus. The incidence of spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, placenta previa, premature delivery and abnormal fetal development caused by smoking increased, and the perinatal mortality rate increased.
● Smoking leads to an increase in accidental injuries.
It is found that the incidence of sprains and fractures of recruits who smoke is 50% higher than that of non-smokers in basic training in military camps. John W., Ph.D., Health Care, Maryland Military Academy. Gardner pointed out that smoking has long-term risks, which can lead to cancer and heart disease, which is well known. The new experiment confirms that smoking has a more direct impact on health. He hopes that this discovery will help some young smokers to quit smoking.
Generally speaking, the injury rate of smokers is 1.5 times that of ordinary people. The most common are sprains, abrasions and injuries similar to tendinitis. The author said that the harmful factors that caused the injury would continue for a certain period of time after quitting smoking, because the study ended in eight months, and researchers could not predict how long the side effects would last. Gardner noticed that smoking can cause injuries, because smoking can reduce bone density and slow down wound healing.
The harm of passive smoking
Passive smoking is more harmful than active smoking. In the cold smoke exhaled by smokers, the content of smoke tar is 1 times higher than that in the hot smoke inhaled by smokers, 2 times higher than that of benzopyrene and 4 times higher than that of carbon monoxide. The pollution of smoking two cigarettes indoors is 20 times higher than that of outdoor, and the risk of cancer of the same smoker increases 1. Four times, the chances of two smokers living together getting cancer increase by 2. Three times. Epidemiological investigation shows that the prevalence of lung cancer in women whose husbands smoke is higher than that in non-smokers whose husbands don't smoke 1. 6-3。 Four times. According to an international sampling survey, 50% of cancer patients caused by smoking are passive smokers. Smoking in public places must be strongly advocated.
Tobacco has brought a heavy burden to society, and an obvious evidence is the increase in medical expenses. The economic benefits brought by tobacco industry tax have been integrated into social expenditures such as medical care and labor loss.