In 20 19, the medical journal The Lancet published such a study. After analyzing the causes of death of China residents in 1990-20 17, it was found that the first death rate was stroke, followed by ischemic heart disease, and the third was lung cancer.
China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 20 19 recently released by the National Cardiovascular Center shows that there are 330 million cardiovascular patients in China, including stroke130,000, coronary heart disease1/10,000, cor pulmonale 5 million, heart failure 8.9 million and rheumatic heart disease 2.5 million.
The research shows that since 2009, the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases in rural areas has exceeded and continuously exceeded the urban level, with 45.9 1% in rural areas and 43.56% in urban areas, and cardiovascular diseases account for the first place in the total death causes of urban and rural residents. Due to the aging of population and the acceleration of urbanization, the epidemic trend of cardiovascular risk factors is obvious, which leads to the continuous increase of the number of cardiovascular patients, and the number of cardiovascular patients will continue to grow rapidly in the future 10.
Research shows that hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity and unhealthy diet are the main risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases that can be changed.
Gao Zeng, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a professor at Fuwai Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences, issued a reminder in combination with China Cardiovascular Disease Health and Disease Report 20 19 that tobacco use, reasonable diet, physical activity, overweight and obesity, healthy psychology and other factors are the main influencing factors of cardiovascular health in China, which should be paid special attention to.
Gao stressed that studies have confirmed that obesity, overweight and lack of exercise are high-risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and the harm of smoking to the heart cannot be ignored. Besides diet, smoking, depression and other factors will also increase the risk of heart disease.
Research shows that the prevalence of depression in patients with acute myocardial infarction in China is 2 1.66%, which is significantly higher than that in healthy people (10.36%). A prospective study of chronic diseases in China found that the prevalence rate of major depression in Chinese residents was 0.6%, and major depression was one of the risk factors of heart disease.
On the 22nd of this month, the World Health Organization, the World Heart Federation and the University of Newcastle, Australia jointly released a report showing that 654.38+0.9 billion people worldwide die of heart disease caused by tobacco every year, and this number has increased by more than 200,000 in just 20 years.
As an ordinary person, how to prevent such diseases?
First of all, know your blood pressure.
18-year-old and above adults regularly monitor blood pressure, pay attention to blood pressure changes, and control risk factors of hypertension. It is suggested that people with normal high blood pressure (120 ~139 mmhg/80 ~ 89 mmhg) should pay attention to controlling the above risk factors as soon as possible. It is suggested that people with normal blood pressure should measure their blood pressure at least 1 time every year, and high-risk people should measure their blood pressure frequently and receive health guidance from medical staff.
Second, self-blood pressure management.
Measure systolic blood pressure three times on different days without using antihypertensive drugs? 140mmHg and/or diastolic pressure? 90mmHg can be diagnosed as hypertension. Patients with hypertension should learn self-health management, take medicine seriously according to the doctor's advice, and often measure their blood pressure and make follow-up visits.
Third, pay attention to a reasonable diet.
It is suggested that people at high risk of hypertension and patients should pay attention to the intake of dietary salt, the daily intake of salt should not exceed 5g, and abstain from drinking, reduce the intake of food rich in oil and sugar, and limit the consumption of edible oil.
Fourth, do what you can.
It is suggested that people at high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (those with a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or abnormal blood pressure and blood lipid) should consider cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk assessment, consider all-round exercise limits, and focus on aerobic endurance exercises involving large muscle groups, such as walking, jogging, swimming, Tai Ji Chuan, etc., and the activities should generally reach moderate intensity.
Five, pay attention to and regularly carry out blood lipid testing.
For people under 40 years old with normal blood lipids, blood lipids 1 time should be tested every 2 to 5 years; People aged 40 and above should be tested for blood lipid/kloc-0 at least once a year. Blood lipids in high-risk population of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were detected every 6 months 1 time.
Six, to prevent the occurrence of stroke
The increase of stroke incidence and mortality is closely related to the increase of blood pressure. The higher the blood pressure, the higher the risk of stroke. There is a significant correlation between dyslipidemia and incidence of ischemic stroke. Atrial fibrillation is an important cause of ischemic stroke. Lowering blood pressure, controlling blood lipids and maintaining a healthy weight can reduce the risk of stroke. It is suggested that patients with atrial fibrillation should be treated with anticoagulation according to the doctor's advice.
Seven, learn to master self-help measures and emergency medical guidance.
Pain sites of acute myocardial infarction (precordial region, posterior sternum, subxiphoid process, left shoulder, etc.). It is the same as angina pectoris, but it lasts for a long time and is severe, and may be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and sweating. Let the patient stay in bed absolutely, loosen the neckline, and keep quiet and air circulation indoors. Those who have the conditions can take oxygen immediately, take nitroglycerin under the tongue and call the emergency center immediately. Don't take the bus or help the patient walk to the hospital.
The early stage of stroke is characterized by sudden weakness or numbness of one limb, sudden inability to speak clearly or understand others' speech, sudden rotation and inability to stand, transient visual impairment, black eyes, blurred vision, unbearable headache, gradual aggravation or persistence of symptoms, accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
When this happens, the patient should lie flat and supine, without a pillow, and tilt his head to one side to keep the patient warm. At the same time, call the emergency number immediately and get to the hospital as soon as possible. Grasping the golden rescue time window of 4 hours and receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy can greatly reduce the mortality and disability rate.