1, in drug treatment, there are many kinds of antipsychotics, mainly including the first and second generation of new antipsychotics; Clinically, the second generation antipsychotic drugs are more and more popular and widely used because of their good curative effect, small side effects and good safety.
2. In psychotherapy, patients with schizophrenia also need a lot of psychological support and cognitive and behavioral skills to improve their cognition and promote the recovery of their social functions;
3. In physical therapy, there are many mature physical therapy techniques to assist in the treatment of schizophrenia; Classics include non-convulsive electroconvulsive therapy, namely MECT；; It also includes transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy and transcranial direct current stimulation therapy, which are very mature physical therapy methods; After systematic comprehensive treatment, schizophrenia can get a better prognosis.
The most important of the three treatment methods is drug therapy, which can be divided into three categories: the acute treatment period is 4-6 weeks, mainly to control symptoms and prevent further development of injury; The consolidation treatment period is at least 6 months, the main purpose is to prevent the recurrence of the disease, further improve the symptoms and restore social function; The maintenance treatment period is at least 5 years or longer, and some patients may need lifelong treatment. The treatment during this period is mainly to prevent recurrence and further improve social function.
1. Always explain the necessity of maintenance treatment to patients, and cultivate their awareness of taking medicine on time and in quantity.
2. Take patients for outpatient follow-up on a regular basis, and don't write prescriptions for a long time, so that doctors can monitor the changes of illness and adverse drug reactions in time and take corresponding measures in time.
3. The treatment time of schizophrenia is also related to the living environment of patients. Create a harmonious family atmosphere, care for and support patients more, help patients adjust their psychological balance and deal with all kinds of bad stimuli. Let patients pay attention to the combination of work and rest and develop good living habits. Encourage patients to gradually restore their professional and social functions. We should understand and tolerate the mistakes made by patients and avoid excessive criticism, self-blame and complaints. Don't get too involved in patients' personal life, so as not to damage patients' decision-making ability.
4. You can attend lectures on the popularization of some diseases, and learn about the premonitory manifestations of recurrent and recurrent diseases, so as to intervene in time.
5. Patients who do not cooperate with medication can be maintained by long-term injection or replacement of drugs that are convenient to use and easy for patients to accept.
Second, the causes of schizophrenia
1, genetic factors
Schizophrenia is hereditary, and the prevalence rate of people with a genetic history of mental illness in the family is high. Studies have shown that the risk of children suffering from schizophrenia is about 40%, and the prevalence of children suffering from schizophrenia is 7%- 17%.
2. Psychosocial factors
Schizophrenia induced by sudden or exciting events in life is more common, such as parents' divorce, death of relatives, failure to enter higher schools, economic pressure and other social life events. Social and psychological factors also have an important impact on the continuation and prognosis of the disease.
3. Personality characteristics before illness
If the personality is eccentric or unsound, and the psychological endurance is lower than that of normal people, especially patients with schizoid personality disorder, they are more likely to be influenced and stimulated by the environment when encountering some unexpected events, thus increasing the risk of illness.
4. Biochemical factors
① Neurobiochemical studies show that patients have various neurotransmitter dysfunction, mainly involving dopamine, 5- hydroxytryptamine and glutamic acid.
② Neuroanatomical and neuroimaging studies showed that the temporal lobe, frontal lobe and limbic system of the patient had brain tissue atrophy, ventricular enlargement and sulcus gyrus widening.
③ Viral infection during pregnancy, perinatal complications, bad stress in childhood and somatic diseases are related to the development defects of nervous system, which have certain influence on the onset of schizophrenia.
5. Environmental factors
The study holds that people living in poor classes have poor living conditions, can not get timely treatment, and are prone to conflict with their families, leading to repeated hospitalization, which eventually leads to prolonged illness, thus increasing the incidence of schizophrenia.
Third, case supervision.
1. What do you think of his three treatments?
2. What is the relationship between parents? What is the family atmosphere like?
3. Are there any traumatic events? Being called a stupid pig by others? I started when I was 22.
4. The ability to endure pain. Face up to the problem and solve it. Don't try in vain to get rid of the symptoms.
5. Put it in the context of interpersonal relationships.
6. The principle of multi-level unity of goals.