A little boy found his shoelaces loose when he walked to the middle of the road. He stood still in the traffic until the police took him across the street. Mom told me it was difficult to find the police, he said ...
An experiment shows that about 10% children have psychological problems, and more children need psychological care and education.
Professor Lin Chongde of Beijing Normal University, who has been engaged in educational psychology for a long time, believes that the purpose of school mental health education is to improve the psychological quality of all students and cultivate their perseverance, hard-working spirit and good social adaptability. To carry out this work, we can't get quick success and instant benefit. It should be admitted that students' mental health is the mainstream, and only a few people have behavior problems. It is a long-term job and task to improve the psychological quality of all students, rather than pursuing superficial grandeur.
Yu Guoliang, a professor of psychology and doctoral supervisor at Renmin University of China, believes that in order to keep primary and secondary school students healthy, we should give full play to the main channel of school mental health education, let psychological education permeate the school education process in an all-round way, and mobilize family and social forces to create an environment suitable for the healthy growth of young children.
Psychological education should prevent curriculum.
A few years ago, the reporter heard of such a thing in an interview. When conducting mental health education in a school, all students are organized to take exams like math, physics and chemistry besides extra-curricular classes. Experts pointed out that this is a misunderstanding of mental health education.
In fact, at present, the mental health education in many schools also has the phenomenon of psychological education curriculum. For example, textbooks are distributed to students, psychological classes are specially arranged, and psychological education is equated with psychological knowledge education. Some schools medicalize psychological education and set up special consultation rooms at every turn. Psychologists wear white coats, as if psychological education is psychological consultation and counseling.
Experts pointed out that, to some extent, it is not a separate "psychological education", but should run through the whole process of school education and teaching, with classroom teaching as the main channel and activities as the carrier.
Professor Dong Qi, vice president of Beijing Normal University, believes that students' mental health is closely related to daily study and life, equal and harmonious teacher-student relationship, classmate relationship, parent-child relationship and teacher-parent relationship. Therefore, the main channel of mental health education should be to organically integrate mental health education into the daily education and teaching activities of schools, the daily work of class teachers and students' ideological and moral education, and the daily education and teaching behavior of teachers, supplemented by appropriate activities combining with the practical problems of students' study and life. In the project of "Learning and Mental Health Promotion Project" hosted by Dong Qi, the school started with improving teachers' daily education and teaching behavior, improving the relationship between teachers and students, parents and classmates, changing the improper education methods and handling methods of accidents for special students inside and outside the classroom, carrying out mental health education, improving teachers' quality, promoting students' mental health education, improving teachers' quality and promoting students' mental health development, and achieved remarkable results.
Shanghai Quyang No.4 Primary School has also gained rich experience in developing mental health education, and summed up five ways: First, subject counseling, arranging the relevant contents of each subject, determining the requirements and teaching objectives of mental health education in each lesson, and infiltrating the subject according to the materials, which is not far-fetched. The second is game guidance. Through games such as "small hunting", "tortoise and rabbit race" and "fireflies looking for friends", the school helps students learn to control their emotions, know how to cooperate with others and how to treat failure correctly. The third is group counseling. According to the observation and understanding of the students in the class, we found the problems with universality and determined the topics for discussion. Students can freely discuss "when classmates are in trouble", "what to do if they are nervous during exams" and "what to do if they are misunderstood by others". The fourth is individual counseling, which implements the principle of "sincerity, respect and understanding" from beginning to end. The form is not limited to talking, as long as teachers use it properly, it can become a channel for communication with students. Fifth, individual students should use instruments for training. For example, through chess counseling, students are trained to stabilize their psychology, and some instruments are used for stimulation and special training, which interferes with learning adaptation training, relaxation training and learning transfer ability training.
The family should take responsibility.
Some foreign education experts point out that a child's one-day education at school is not as effective as his 10 minutes on the way to school. Some scholars in China have also pointed out that "5+2=0", that is, five days of school education is often overwhelmed by two days of family education.
Yu Guoliang believes that there is some truth in the above remarks, which shows that subtle education is more important to students. Only by combining family education with school education can education receive its due role.
According to a survey, among the options of "having intimate friends", "freedom", "having power", "having a warm home" and "being respected", 47.3% of juvenile offenders think that "having a warm home" is the happiest, which is 17 percentage points higher than the second-ranked "having intimate friends".
A psychologist once said, "Children who grow up in a family with bad interpersonal atmosphere are often accompanied by quarrels and beatings in their lives. It is difficult for them to feel the warmth of their family, and they lack the psychological comfort of their elders and proper care in life.' Home' has become their' shackles'. Once there are contradictions within the family or driven by any external force, they choose to get rid of the shackles of home-run away from home. "
Experts pointed out that parents now pay too much attention to providing their children with adequate material conditions, while ignoring the good family atmosphere that children need more to grow up and meet their psychological needs. Moreover, due to the lack of mental health knowledge, some parents often mistake the problems caused by their children's psychological barriers for intellectual problems or behavioral problems, so they cannot be targeted in education. Once there is a problem, children often don't know how to educate because they lack the means and methods to actively adjust their psychology.
The title of teacher is difficult to solve.
Not long ago, a teacher engaged in psychological counseling at the grassroots level complained to reporters that he used to be a school doctor and is now a psychological teacher. However, these two positions are not included in the title sequence in the school, so he can only watch others rise to intermediate and sub-advanced, and he is nothing until now. The teacher's words reflected the psychological teacher's embarrassing position in the school.
At present, most psychological teachers in primary and secondary schools in China are moral education teachers and school doctors, or they are transformed from these people. In many places, school psychological teachers are employed without relevant qualifications. In some places, psychological teachers rush to work without attending training at all; Some schools only attach importance to mental health education on the surface, and the psychological consultation room has never been used since its completion, allegedly to cope with the above examination. However, some schools think that psychological education is an "alternative" quality besides curriculum education, and it is the responsibility of psychological teachers, which seems to have nothing to do with other teachers. As a result, psychological education always stays at the superficial level and fails to play a real role.
However, teachers' titles can't enter the sequence, which also seriously dampened the enthusiasm of psychology teachers. Some people deal with workers, and some people don't study business seriously, which leads to the damage of teachers' reputation.
Psychological education textbooks need to be standardized.
It is understood that there are about 300 sets of mental health education textbooks in China, most of which lack originality and the quality is not high, and only one-tenth or even less than one-tenth of them are really high-quality. Lin Chongde pointed out that at present, under the condition that the teaching materials have not been standardized by the Ministry of Education, some people and units have made up and published many unscientific teaching materials for mental health education, which has caused confusion in mental health education. If these problems are not solved well, it will inevitably affect the healthy development of mental health education.
Lin Chongde emphasized that in the future, on the one hand, we should strengthen the management and standardization of mental health education textbooks; On the other hand, through training, seminars, exchange meetings and other forms, cross-strait and even cross-strait exchanges and discussions have made efforts for the scientific and standardized process of mental health education.
Rural children have outstanding psychological problems.
A survey of 425 middle school teachers in Jiangxi Institute of Education shows that the current situation of mental health education in rural middle schools is worrying: only 8% of teachers in township schools answered that their schools have psychological consultation rooms, 2% of teachers in township middle schools answered that their schools offer mental health education courses, and only 6% of them have established psychological files.
Experts pointed out that due to the particularity and complexity of the rural situation, from the current research and practice of mental health education in China, the situation of mental health education for rural students in various places is similar to that in Jiangxi. Taking the college entrance examination as an example, many provinces in China, including Jiangxi, have experienced serious mental illness or even suicide because the psychological endurance of rural students exceeds their own limits. Due to the lack of attention from relevant departments, professional psychological teachers and activities suitable for rural mental health education, the psychological pressure of rural students is generally difficult to alleviate, and mental health education and psychological counseling for rural students are basically in a state of extreme lack.
Psychological education in rural areas is blank, and many students' psychological problems can not be guided by professional teachers. A teacher in the front line of rural education expressed his concern.
Heart disease depends on heart medicine. Only people with good psychology and good personality are needed by the country. People of insight call for attaching great importance to psychological education in rural areas, and the murder case in Ma Jiajue has sounded the alarm for us. Of course, good psychology cannot be achieved overnight, which requires us to strengthen and improve rural psychological education and improve the weak links of mental health education as soon as possible.