Basic methods of psychological counseling for the elderly
1. Pay attention to the voices of the elderly, such as their adaptation or living conditions, their economic life and interpersonal relationships before and after retirement, and their satisfaction with life. From these aspects, we can understand the psychological state of the elderly. In addition, listening itself is the process of helping the elderly to carry out psychological counseling. Sometimes, after the old people talk, their mood becomes particularly happy.
2. Pay attention to the attitude of the elderly. Pay attention to the elderly's uneasy attitude and understand what causes the elderly to be uneasy. Generally, the reasons can be found from the following factors: the cultural background of the elderly, their value judgments and attitudes, the views and prejudices of the society towards the elderly, their responses to the society and their adaptation to the social environment.
3. Understand the communication of the elderly, and understand the psychology of the elderly by understanding the communication status of their relatives and friends. Understand the situation of old people making friends, the needs of old people for friendship, especially heterosexual friends, the needs of getting along with others or learning to do things, whether old people care about others, like to get in touch with people, like sports and walking, and whether life is full of vitality.
5, create a relaxed environment, the more trapped by constraints, the greater the impact on the exploration of their potential psychological activities. Pay attention to the problems and opinions described by the elderly, don't comment immediately, let alone show indifference, and try to create a relaxed atmosphere.
6. Effective ways to achieve correct understanding and improve psychological quality. This can not only arouse the trust of the elderly, but also solve their psychological practical problems, so as not to make them feel uncertain and let them taste the sweetness from personal experience. Give affirmation, encouragement and support to every progress they have made, and enhance their confidence in winning.
How to care for the mental health of the elderly
1, enlighten the elderly to face life and death diseases optimistically.
Birth, old age, illness and death are a necessary process in life. The older the elderly are, they may have a little fear of illness and medical care for reasons such as taking care of their families. At this time, children should help and enlighten the elderly and let them realize that everything in the world has its ups and downs, and life is no exception. In the face of illness, we should learn to keep a positive attitude and cooperate with lifelong treatment to overcome it, instead of taking a negative approach, resisting medical treatment, deceiving ourselves and others, and treating the illness as nonexistent, so as not to drag a minor illness into a serious one. Usually, we should pay more attention to the elderly, popularize health knowledge to the elderly, and avoid the fear of the elderly because they don't understand, which will affect their mental and physical health.
2. Pay more attention to the elderly in daily life
People are social animals and are afraid of loneliness. Therefore, as children, taking more time to see the elderly at ordinary times or even making more phone calls may reduce their loneliness and thus alleviate their fear of death. In the traditional culture of our Chinese nation, it is said that "parents are here, don't travel far, you must go well." That's one thing. Due to the development of modern times and the change of people's life concept, many young people don't live with their parents. Even if they don't live together, their children should pay more attention to the elderly, take more time to chat and eat with them, and prevent them from falling into depression because of loneliness. Therefore, children separated from the elderly should often visit and greet the elderly, and children living with the elderly should be patient and considerate to the elderly. Letting young grandchildren get along with the elderly can often bring great joy and comfort to the elderly and effectively eliminate their loneliness.
3. Help the elderly integrate into society.
Many old people are likely to have negative psychology of being out of touch with society, useless when they are old and eliminated by society because they have nothing to do after retirement. Due to the reduction of contact with society and work units, social communication and information, and the decline of vision and hearing, the elderly often feel isolated, and then they are indifferent to external changes and people. Faced with this situation, children and young people should communicate more with the elderly and be particularly patient when listening to the elderly. This not only makes the elderly feel respected and helps to eliminate loneliness, but also the experience of the elderly is not absolutely outdated and useless. Listening patiently can often enlighten the younger generation. In addition, it is necessary to provide convenience for the elderly to read newspapers, listen to radio and watch TV, which can effectively reduce their loneliness and help them reintegrate into society.
4. Psychological counseling for the elderly.
There is a saying that people are often more willing to confide in strangers than acquaintances. We are more likely to tell strangers what we can't say, so our children can contact psychologists for the elderly and let them open their hearts and speak their minds. According to the physiological characteristics and psychological needs of the elderly, psychological counseling services are carried out to alleviate the psychological "empty nest" of the elderly. Help the elderly untie the knot and live a happy life. At the same time, the elderly should be encouraged to actively participate in social activities, get rid of loneliness and maintain an optimistic and healthy life. The elderly should dare to confide their feelings and some ideas to psychologists, and actively cooperate with doctors to find out the cause, so as to carry out symptomatic treatment.
5. Encourage the elderly to cultivate their hobbies.
Old people are prone to psychological problems, which has a lot to do with their lack of focus in life. Because they have no hobbies, life is not fun, and they are easy to think, which leads to psychological problems. Therefore, children should create conditions for the elderly to be active and happy. At the same time, encourage the elderly to actively participate in appropriate recreational activities, organize and cultivate their hobbies. Such as singing, dancing, playing chess, playing bridge, listening to music, painting, calligraphy, poetry and other artistic hobbies. Playing Tai Ji Chuan, practicing Qigong, gateball games, fitness activities, parties, sightseeing, planting flowers, fishing, knitting and so on. Encourage the elderly to take part in some jobs that they can and make contributions to society. Enhance the intellectual quality of the elderly and encourage them to study hard.
6. Master the skills of communicating with the elderly.
As the main way to communicate with the elderly, conversation is very different from ordinary conversation. In addition to the general requirements and skills, when communicating with the elderly, it is also necessary to understand the social, family and personal situation of the elderly. Direct communication with the elderly is the main way to obtain valuable information, and conversation is the main way of communication. A good conversation depends on whether the two sides can establish a reliable relationship. Although there is a saying of "old children", it is disrespectful for us not to communicate with the elderly as children. To communicate with the elderly, we should put them on an equal footing with ourselves and give them enough respect, which is the basic condition of communication. Communicate with the elderly to show enough respect and patience, sincerely listen to the words of the elderly, so that the elderly have a sense of trust.