Rabies is an acute infectious disease in which people are bitten by dogs, cats, wolves and other animals and infected with rabies virus. Rabies virus can multiply in the salivary glands of dogs and infect people through the saliva left after biting.
The main manifestations of human illness are excitement, fear of water, pharyngeal muscle spasm, dyspnea, progressive paralysis and even death. The incubation period is 20-90 days. Once the disease occurs, there is no specific medicine at present, and the mortality rate is extremely high, almost 100%.
Typical mad dogs often show upright ears, straight eyes, jealousy, salivation, emaciation, barking and running around, biting people and walking unsteadily; There are also a few mad dogs who are quiet, lonely, restless, barking and coveting. Until he died of paralysis.
Some dogs and cats have rabies virus, although they don't show rabies. They can still transmit rabies virus to people after biting people. Therefore, after a person is bitten by a dog or cat, no matter whether it is definitely done by a mad dog at that time, the wound must be treated in time: if the wound bleeds, as long as it is not too much bleeding, don't rush to stop the bleeding, because the blood flowing out can wash away the saliva of the mad dog left in the wound, which can naturally play a certain disinfection role.
For wounds with less bleeding, squeeze bleeding from the proximal end to the wound to facilitate detoxification. At the same time, the wound must be thoroughly cleaned as soon as possible within two hours after the injury to reduce the chance of rabies.
Brush the wound repeatedly with a clean brush, which can be toothbrush or gauze, or thick soapy water, especially in the deep part of the wound, and rinse it with clear water in time. Don't refuse to brush your teeth seriously because of pain. Brush your teeth for at least 30 minutes. After washing, wipe the wound several times with 70% alcohol or 50 -70% liquor. In the absence of anesthesia, the pain is obvious when rubbing, and the wounded should be psychologically prepared.
After smearing, the wound does not need to be bandaged and can be left untreated. For scratches, licks and saliva pollution in other parts of the dog, the old and new wounds should be treated as bites.
After the above wounds are treated, the wounded should be sent to a nearby hospital or health and epidemic prevention station for rabies vaccination as soon as possible.
2. Pet bites: What does the first aid principle say?
After being bitten by a pet, it is usually washed with soapy water, because alkaline soap has a certain bactericidal effect. The washing method is to wash with soapy water, or directly apply soap to the wound and then wash with water, which can effectively inhibit bacteria from entering the human body to a certain extent.
Only by flushing to the maximum and most suitable time and squeezing out the dirty blood at the same time can safety be guaranteed. General flushing time is 15? 20 minutes. Because people have no natural immunity to rabies, after being bitten by a sick dog, the virus will quickly invade the central nervous system along the peripheral nerves, and once it invades the cell body, it will multiply in large numbers. If it invades the whole central nervous system again, even injecting rabies vaccine may not help.
Therefore, when cleaning the wound, you must squeeze out the dirty blood at the same time and try to squeeze it to the maximum.
3. Pet first aid knowledge
Car accident: You may have witnessed a car accident with your own eyes, or found that your dog showed obvious signs of injury or limping.
At this time, wrap it up if necessary to prevent the injury from getting worse. Use cold compress to stop bleeding where there is obvious bleeding, but make sure that the dog is warm and comfortable as a whole.
Please contact the veterinarian immediately for more detailed instructions. Don't let the dog lie on the ground alone.
Eye injury: the dog's eye suddenly hurts or can't be opened all the time. You should carefully look for obvious foreign bodies, especially glass slag, and then carefully remove them. You can also wash its eyes with clean hot water to wash away foreign objects.
Don't put the dog in too bright environment. Then take it to the vet.
If you can't see a doctor immediately, you can drop a few drops of medical olive oil in its eyes as first aid. Prevent dogs from rubbing their injured eyes with claws or rubbing their eyes with something.
Foot abrasions: If there is a lot of bleeding, you should wrap its feet with linen or cotton wool products and tie them tightly with bandages, even forming pressure around its claws. Do not wrap with elastic rope or other structural materials.
Then take it to the veterinary hospital. Poisoning: You may have a sudden attack, fainting or muscle spasm.
If you see a dog swallowing a well-known toxic substance, you can induce it to spit it out by pouring salt water into its throat (an average-sized dog fills a glass of water with a teaspoon of salt). If what you swallow is corrosive, please fill it with milk. If your dog has lost consciousness, never try these methods again.
Go to the vet and take the remaining toxic substances with their packaging. Precautions for taking your dog to the vet: If your dog must be anesthetized, don't let it eat anything.
When you give your dog to the vet, you'd better spread a blanket or old clothes on the floor so that it can lie on it. Then gently pick up the dog (first body and then tail) and hold it on the blanket.
This way, the injured leg or other injured parts will not get worse. If he always wants to bite, he can gently (but firmly) tie his mouth with a bandage (in this case, a collar, a belt or a dog rope will come in handy), tie it tightly under his chin and tie a slipknot at the back of his neck.
Food poisoning dogs eat spoiled fish, meat, yogurt and other foods, which contain a large number of Proteus, staphylococcal toxins, Salmonella enterotoxins, Clostridium botulinum toxins and cause poisoning. Deteriorated fish is polluted by Proteus, which causes protein to decompose and produce histamine.
The incubation period of histamine poisoning does not exceed 2 hours. Dogs suddenly vomit, have diarrhea, have difficulty breathing, have a lot of snot, have dilated pupils and suffer from ataxia. Dogs may be unconscious, paralyzed in the hindquarters, weak, hematuria and black feces. Treatment of putrid fish poisoning can be intravenous or subcutaneous injection of glucose and vitamin C, oral diphenhydramine, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of cyanotoxin of staphylococcal toxin can cause symptoms such as acute gastroenteritis, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea in sick dogs.
In severe cases, dyspnea, convulsions and convulsions occur. Vomiting, rehydration and symptomatic treatment were used during the treatment.
Gastric lavage if necessary. Clostridium botulinum toxin can cause motor paralysis, coma and even death in dogs.
The symptoms of botulinum poisoning in dogs are related to food intake. At the initial stage, the neck and shoulder muscles were paralyzed, and gradually quadriplegia appeared, with slow response, dilated pupils, difficulty swallowing, saliva flowing out and drooping ears.
Conjunctivitis and ulcerative keratitis are common in the eyes. Finally died of respiratory paralysis.
Clostridium botulinum poisoning has a short course of disease and high mortality. Inject antitoxin, intravenous injection or intramuscular injection immediately after onset.
Symptomatic treatment can use 0.0 1% potassium permanganate solution for gastric lavage, laxative or * * *, intravenous drip and intramuscular injection of penicillin. The best way to prevent this disease is that dog food should be cooked and not kept for a long time.
Rodenticide poisoning 1. Poisoning by Antoine rodenticide. This is a powerful rodenticide, white and odorless crystalline powder, which leads to the increase of pulmonary capillary permeability and a large amount of plasma entering lung tissue, leading to pulmonary edema.
After several minutes to several hours, the dog vomited, foaming at the mouth, followed by diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, depression, cyanosis of mucous membrane, and foamy blood mucus from nostrils. Coma and lethargy usually occur within 10- 12 hours after ingestion, and a few people die within 2-4 hours after ingestion.
There is no specific antidote for this kind of poisoning, and methods such as emesis, gastric lavage, catharsis and diuresis can be used. 2. Zinc phosphide poisoning.
This is a commonly used rodenticide, which is gray powder. A few days after ingestion, it mixes with water and gastric acid in the stomach, releasing phosphine gas, causing severe gastroenteritis.
The sick dog has abdominal pain, no food, vomiting, coma and lethargy, and rapid and deep breathing. Asphyxia, diarrhea, bloody stool.
0.2%-0.5% CuSO4 can be given. Solution 10-30 ml, used to induce vomiting and expel toxins from the stomach.
Gastric lavage can be performed with 0.02%KMnO4 solution, and then catharsis can be performed with 15g Na2SO4. Intravenous injection of hypertonic glucose solution is beneficial to liver protection.
3. Organic fluoride rodenticide poisoning. This is a highly toxic drug. After taking it for 2-3 days, the sick dog became restless, vomited, had hypergastrointestinal function, ran around, barked, convulsed all over the body for about 1 minute, and finally died.
Treatment can be intramuscular injection of Jiefuling, 0. 1-0.2g/kg body weight, with the first dose of 1/2 for the whole day and the rest 1/2 for 4 times every 2 hours. Plus vomiting and gastric lavage.
Feeding raw egg white to sick dogs is beneficial to protect digestive tract mucosa. Intravenous injection of 5- 10 ml calcium gluconate is beneficial.
Organophosphorus pesticide poisoning Organophosphorus is widely used as pesticides in agriculture, such as trichlorfon, dimethoate and dichlorvos. Eating by mistake causes a lot of drooling, tears, diarrhea, abdominal pain, urinary incontinence, dyspnea, cough, conjunctival cyanosis, muscle twitching, paralysis, pupil contraction and coma in dogs.
Most of them died of respiratory diseases. During the treatment, atropine sulfate was injected slowly intravenously at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg, and after an interval of 6 hours, atropine sulfate was injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly at 0. 15 mg/kg.
Pholidoxime can enhance the effect of atropine. Drugs that relieve muscle spasms help to relieve symptoms.
Individual dogs are allergic to pralidoxime and pralidoxime chloride, so pay attention. Poisoning by chlorinated hydrocarbons, including DDT and bhc.
Causes dogs to be extremely excited, manic or highly depressed. The head and neck muscles tremble first, then spread to the whole body, muscle spasms and contractions, and then depression; This is not over.
4. How to give first aid to pet bites?
After being bitten by a pet, whether to vaccinate should consider the following two aspects: First, look at what pet was bitten.
Bite your pet if it is: undocumented dog, dog of unknown origin; Dogs are allowed, but they have not been vaccinated for more than 6 months; A mad dog or a pet suspected of rabies. These situations require rabies vaccination.
Sometimes, although not bitten, but scratched or licked the mucosa, you need to get a vaccine. If the head, face, neck, upper limbs, chest and back are bitten, anti-rabies serum must be injected at the same time.
The second is to see if the vaccine is injected correctly and how long it has been injected. The rabies vaccine is injected in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm, and it needs to be injected five times in the whole process, that is, on the day of bite, the third day, the seventh day, the 14 day and the 30th day, a total of 1 injection.
If anti-rabies serum is used at the same time, 1 should be injected on the 45th and 60th days. If it is more than 1 year since the last inoculation, it should be re-inoculated according to the above procedures.
In addition, the wound should be handled correctly after the bite. The wound can be fully washed with 3-5% soapy water, and then washed with clear water for at least 20 minutes. Wounds should not be bandaged and stitched.