British Overview
Name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Flag: Horizontal rectangle, length to width ratio 2:1. The flag is a horizontal rectangle, with a ratio of length to width of 2:1, and is a "m" flag, consisting of a dark blue background with red and white "m" letters. The red cross with white border in the flag represents St. George, the patron saint of England, the white cross represents St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, and the red cross represents St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. The flag was created in 1801 as an overlap of the original red square ten on a white field of England, the white crossed cross on a blue field of Scotland and the red crossed cross on a white field of Ireland.
The coat of arms: that is, the coat of arms of the King of England. The central design is a coat of arms, the upper left and lower right corners of the shield for the three golden lions on the red ground, symbolizing England; the upper right corner of the red lion half standing on the gold ground, symbolizing Scotland; the lower left corner of the golden harp on the blue ground, symbolizing Ireland. The coat of arms is supported on each side by a lion wearing a crown, representing England, and a unicorn, representing Scotland. The coat of arms is surrounded by a motto in French, meaning "What goes around comes around"; at the lower end hangs the Order of the Guardian, with a ribbon reading "God in heaven, I have the right". At the top of the coat of arms is a jeweled gold and silver helmet, the Imperial Crown and a lion wearing the crown.
National anthem: "God save the queen" (if the reigning monarch is a male, the anthem is changed to "god save the king")
National flower: rose
National bird: red-breasted dove
National stone: diamond
Science festival: held once a year, starting in 1831
Science Week: started in 1994, held annually in March
National dignitaries: Queen Elizabeth II, accession 6 February 1952, coronation 2 June 1953; Lord Irvine of Lairg, Speaker of the House of Lords and Lord Chancellor, May 1997 Speaker of the House of Lords; Michael Martin, Speaker of the House of Commons; Prime Minister Tony Blair (tony blair), May 1997, re-elected June 2001
Natural geography: 24. 410,000 square kilometers (including inland waters), England region 13. 04 million square kilometers, Scotland 78,800 square kilometers, Wales 2. 08 million square kilometers, Northern Ireland 1. 41 million square kilometers. An island nation located in the western part of Europe. It consists of the island of Great Britain (including England, Scotland, and Wales), the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and some small islands around it. Across the North Sea, the Strait of Dover, the English Channel and the continent of Europe. Its land border is with Ireland*** and the country. The total length of the coastline is 11,450 kilometers. The territory is divided into four parts: the plains of south-east England, the mountains of the west-central region, the mountains of Scotland, and the highlands and mountains of Northern Ireland. The main rivers are the Severn (354 km) and the Thames (346 km). Northern Ireland's Lough Neagh (396 square kilometers) has the largest area in the country. It has an oceanic temperate broad-leaved forest climate, which is mild and humid all year round. Usually the highest temperature does not exceed 32 ℃, the lowest temperature is not less than -10 ℃, the average temperature in January 4 ~ 7 ℃, July 13 ~ 17 ℃. It is rainy and foggy, especially in fall and winter. The average annual precipitation is about 1000 millimeters. The annual precipitation in the mountainous areas in the north and west exceeds 1,600 millimeters, while that in the center and east is less than 800 millimeters. It is driest from March to June and wettest from September to January.
Population: 58.83 million (July 2000), of which 49.3 million are English, 5.1 million Scottish, 2.9 million Welsh, and 1.7 million Northern Irish. The official and common language is English. Welsh is also spoken in north Wales, and Gaelic is spoken in the northwestern Highlands of Scotland and Northern Ireland. The population is mostly Protestant, with the main divisions being the Church of England (also known as the Anglican Communion, whose members make up about 60% of the adult population of the United Kingdom) and the Church of Scotland (also known as the Presbyterian Church, with 660,000 adult members). There are also the Catholic Church and larger religious communities such as Hinduism, Judaism and Islam.
Capital: London (london); population: 7,285,000 (1999). The hottest month is July, with a general temperature of 13℃-22℃; the coldest month is January, with a general temperature of 2℃-6℃.
Administrative divisions: divided into four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England is divided into 43 counties, 29 districts and 3 special jurisdictions under Scotland, 26 districts under Northern Ireland and 22 districts under Wales. The Scottish and Welsh assemblies and their administrations are fully responsible for local affairs, while foreign affairs, defense, general economic and monetary policy, employment policy and social security remain under the control of the central government. London is known as "Greater London" (Greater London), with 32 independent boroughs and a "City of London" (City of London). The borough councils are responsible for the main affairs of their respective boroughs, but work in conjunction with the Mayor and Council of Greater London to deal with matters relating to the whole of London. In addition, there are 12 dependencies.
London Tower Bridge
Brief history: The Mediterranean Iberians, Beakers, and Celts, came to Britain successively in the 1st-5th centuries BC. 1-5th century southeastern England was ruled by the Roman Empire. After the withdrawal of the Romans, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the north of Europe invaded and settled in the 7th century, when the feudal system began to take shape and many small countries merged into seven kingdoms and fought for 200 years, called the "Anglo-Saxon Era". 829 years, King Egbert of Wessex unified England. At the end of the 8th century, England was invaded by the Danes, and from 1016 to 1042 it was part of the Danish pirate empire. After a short period of rule by the English kings, the Duke of Normandy conquered England by sea in 1066. 1215 King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta and the power of the king was suppressed. 1338-1453 the Hundred Years' War was fought between England and France, in which England first won and then lost, and in 1588 it defeated Spain's "Invincible Armada" and established maritime hegemony. "The bourgeois revolution broke out in 1640, and the country was declared a **** and state on May 19, 1649. 1660 saw the restoration of the dynasty, and the Glorious Revolution in 1668, which established a constitutional monarchy. 1707 saw the union of England and Scotland, and then the union of England and Ireland in 1801. From the second half of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century, England became the first country in the world to complete the Industrial Revolution. 19th century was the heyday of the British Empire, and in 1914, the colonies it occupied were 111 times larger than the mainland, and it was the first colonial power, calling itself the "Empire of the Sunset". It began to decline after the First World War. Britain set up the county of Northern Ireland in 1920 and allowed the southern part of Ireland to break away from its rule and set up an independent country from 1921 to 1922. 1931 saw the enactment of the Westminster Act, which forced it to recognize the autonomy of its self-governing territories in terms of internal affairs and foreign affairs, and the colonial system of the British Empire was shaken up from that time onwards. In the Second World War, its economic strength was greatly weakened and its political status declined. With the successive independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, the British imperial colonial system collapsed in the 1960s. in January 1973, it joined the European **** body.
London Big Ben
Politics: The British constitution, unlike those of the vast majority of countries, is not a stand-alone document; it is composed of statute law, customary law, and practice. The main ones are the Magna Carta (1215), the Habeas Corpus Act (1679), the Bill of Rights (1689), the Acts of Parliament (1911, 1949), and the successive revisions of the Electoral Acts, the Municipal Home Rule Acts, the County Councils Acts, etc. Scotland has its own independent legal system. Scotland has its own separate legal system. The system of government is a constitutional monarchy. The King is the head of state, the supreme judicial officer, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the "supreme leader" of the Anglican Church, and formally has the power to appoint and remove the prime minister, ministers, senior judges, military officers, governors of the dependencies, diplomats, bishops and senior clergy of the Anglican Church, etc., and has the power to convene, prorogate, and dissolve the parliament, to ratify the laws, to declare war and make peace, etc., and has the power to summon, stop and dissolve parliament. The power to summon, stop and dissolve Parliament, approve laws, declare war and make peace, etc., but the real power was in the Cabinet. Parliament was the highest judicial and legislative body, consisting of the King, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords (the House of Peers) consists of the descendants of the royal family, hereditary peers, newly ordained peers, judges of the Court of Appeal, and the archbishops and bishops of the Church. in November 1999, a bill to reform the House of Lords was passed, which disqualified more than 600 hereditary peers from the House of Lords except for 102 who remained in office, and non-politically appointed members of the House of Lords were to be recommended by a special royal commission. The House of Commons, also known as the House of Commoners, has members elected by universal suffrage in small constituencies with the largest number of votes, for a five-year term. However, the Government may decide to call an early general election. The government has a cabinet system in which the Queen appoints the leader of the party that wins a majority of seats in parliamentary elections to be Prime Minister and form a cabinet, which is accountable to Parliament.
Political parties: (1) Labor Party (Labour Party): the ruling party, founded in 1900 as the Labor Representation Committee and renamed in 1906. The party was in power from 1945-1951, 1964-1970, and 1974-1979. It won the 1997 general election and was re-elected after the June 2001 election. The Labor Party has tended to favor the interests of the middle class more in recent years and has distanced itself from the labor unions. After Blair was elected leader of the Labor Party, he put forward the slogan of "New Labor, New Britain" politically, abolished the fourth clause of the party's constitution concerning public ownership, and advocated reducing government intervention, strictly controlling public **** expenditure, maintaining stable macroeconomic growth, and establishing a modern welfare system. Externally, it advocates active participation in international cooperation, a positive attitude toward European integration, membership in the euro, and a special relationship with the United States. Existing party members of nearly 400,000, is the first major party in the United Kingdom. (2) Conservative Party: The main opposition party. Formerly known as the Tory Party, it was founded in 1679 and renamed in 1833. The party was in power for four consecutive terms from 1979 to 1997 and became the dominant party in Britain in the 20th century. It lost badly to the Labor Party in the May 1997 and June 2001 general elections. The Conservative Party, whose supporters generally come from the corporate and affluent sectors, advocates a free market economy. It seeks to keep inflation down by tightly controlling the money supply and reducing public **** spending. It advocates restricting the rights of labor unions and strengthening "law" and "order". In recent years, it has proposed the implementation of "compassionate conservatism", focusing on social issues such as education, health care and poverty. Emphasizing the maintenance of British sovereignty, he opposes a "federal Europe," opposes joining the euro, and advocates the establishment of an "Atlantic ****some" to strengthen the special relationship between Britain and the United States. Emphasizes that NATO remains the cornerstone of British security and defense. There are more than 300,000 members in the party. (3) The Liberal Democrat Party (The Liberal Democrat Party): Formed in March 1988 by the majority of the former Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party who supported a merger with the Liberal Party. It advocates the continuation of the cooperative relationship with the Labor Party, promotes the implementation of proportional representation by the Labor Party in local and House of Commons elections, and adopts more "progressive" policies than the Labor Party on issues such as public ****services, social justice, and environmental protection. With about 100,000 members, it is the third largest party in the United Kingdom. In addition, other political parties in the United Kingdom include the Scottish National Party (Scottish National Party), the Welsh National Party (Plaid Cymru), and a number of political parties in Northern Ireland, such as the Ulster Unionist Party, the Democratic Unionist Party (Democratic Unionist Party), the Social Democratic Labour Party (Social Democratic Labour Party), and the Social Democratic Party (Social Democratic Labour Party). The party's membership includes the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), and Sinn Fein (Sinn Féin).
The Round Room at the British Museum
Justice: There are three different legal systems: England and Wales have a common law system, Scotland has a civil law system, and Northern Ireland has a legal system similar to that of England. The judiciary is divided into two systems: civil courts and criminal courts. In England and Wales, the civil courts are hierarchically divided into the County Court, the High Court, the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal, and the House of Lords. The criminal courts are divided into the Magistrates' Courts, the Crown Court, the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords. The highest judicial authority in the United Kingdom is the House of Lords, which is the final appellate authority for both civil and criminal cases. 1986 saw the establishment of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), which is an organ of the national government and is responsible for all criminal proceedings brought by the police in England and Wales. The Attorney General and Solicitor General are the principal legal advisers to the British Government and represent the Crown in certain domestic and international cases.
Economy: Britain is a developed capitalist country. Its GDP is among the highest in the West. Britain's manufacturing sector has declined in its share of the national economy, but still occupies a leading position; the service sector and energy account for an increasing proportion, with commerce, finance and insurance developing rapidly.
New financial center in East London's Docklands
In 2000, the British economy ranked fourth in the world, and for the second consecutive year became the world's largest overseas investor. Private enterprise is the mainstay of the British economy, accounting for over 60% of GDP. Services account for two-thirds of GDP, while manufacturing accounts for only one-fifth. The richest country in energy resources and the world's leading producer of oil and gas. The main sources of energy are coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy and hydroelectric power, etc. In 1999, the daily production of crude oil and natural liquefied gas reached 2.9 million barrels (about 384,100 tons), ranking ninth in the world. By the end of 1999, total crude oil production was a record 2,331 million tons, and total natural gas production was 14,900 billion cubic meters. Britain was the first country in the world to satisfy its own 26 million electricity and gas users. at the end of 1999, the total amount of electricity amounted to 7 .01 billion kilowatts, of which nuclear power plants were the largest. 01 billion kilowatts, of which 130 million kilowatts were supplied by nuclear power stations. The British coal mining industry is fully privatized. Forests cover an area of 2.7 million hectares, accounting for about 10% of the British mainland: about 8% in England, 17% in Scotland, 14% in Wales, and 6% in Northern Ireland. The main industries are: mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, machinery, electronics, electronic instruments, automobiles, aviation, food, beverage, tobacco, textiles, paper, printing, publishing, construction and so on. Britain attaches importance to the research and development of new and renewable energy sources. Britain's development of nuclear energy has a history of several decades, and there are currently 14 nuclear power plants for power generation. The manufacturing sector accounts for about 20% of the GDP and employs more than 4 million people, accounting for 14.4% of the total employed population. The service sector, which includes finance and insurance, retail trade, tourism and business services (providing legal and consulting services, etc.), has been growing rapidly in recent years. Tourism is one of the most important economic sectors in the U.K. In 1999, the output value of tourism amounted to 64 billion pounds sterling; the U.K. is the world's fifth-largest tourist country in terms of tourism revenue, with its revenue accounting for 4.5% of the world's tourism revenue. The main tourist spots are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Brighton, Greenwich, Stratford, Oxford, Cambridge and so on. Britain is the world's fifth largest trading country, trade accounted for 5. 6% of world trade. Imported products are: food, fuel, raw materials, clothing, footwear, electronic machinery and equipment, automobiles, etc.; exports are: petroleum and related products, chemical products (mainly pharmaceuticals), food, tobacco, beverages (whisky, etc.), machinery and equipment.
The Royal British Artillery on Moore Street
Military: Established around the middle of the 17th century. The Queen was the nominal commander-in-chief of the British army. The highest military decision-making body is the "Defense and Overseas Policy Committee", chaired by the Prime Minister, with the Secretary of State for Defense, the Foreign Secretary, the Home Secretary, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, etc.; the Chief of the Defense Staff and the Chiefs of Staff of the three armed services and attend the meetings when necessary. The Ministry of Defense (MoD) is the executive agency for national defense, which is both the executive branch of the government and the military high command. The United Kingdom is a founding and major member of the NATO group and possesses an independent nuclear force. the core of the national strategy is: to actively participate in world affairs and safeguard the United Kingdom's international status; to rely on and draw on the collective defense strength of NATO to safeguard Europe and the United Kingdom homeland and to expand the influence of the United Kingdom in Europe; and to actively strengthen the ties with the Commonwealth countries and to protect its wide-ranging overseas interests. the Labour government in May 1997 After coming to power, it adjusted its defense policy; continued to rely on NATO's collective defense force as the basis for Britain's security; maintained a strong conventional force; maintained a nuclear deterrent; and highlighted the building of a quality army and a joint rapid reaction force, focusing on improving the British army's rapid reaction capability to deal with all kinds of crises and to cope with emergencies, and striving to safeguard Britain's strategic interests in its traditional spheres of influence in Europe and overseas. Voluntary military service is practiced, with periods of service ranging from 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 years, generally with a maximum of 22 years.
Education: Compulsory education for ages 5-16. 4.9% of GDP was spent on education in fiscal year 1998/99. Tuition is free for public school students. Private schools have better teachers and teaching facilities, but they charge high fees and most students are from wealthy families. Famous higher education institutions include the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and the University of Edinburgh.
Reuter's editorial staff at work
News publishing: The UK sells more newspapers per capita than any other developed country. There are around 1,350 newspapers and 7,000 weekly magazines and journals in the country***: Daily Express, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, Daily Star, The Sun, Financial Times, Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Independent, The Times, News of the World, Sunday Express, Sunday Mirror, Mail on Sunday, The People, Sunday Telegraph, The Observer and The Sunday Times. There are three main news agencies: (1) Reuters: founded in 1850, a collective joint venture, one of the world's major news agencies, headquartered in London. (2) News Associates: founded in 1868, jointly operated by four companies, PA News, PA Sports, PA Search and PA Data Design, specializing in providing public relations and investment information for British and Canadian businesses. (3) AFX News Limited: jointly operated by Agence France-Presse and the Financial Times, it provides information and services to the financial and corporate sectors in Europe, with branches in 12 European countries, the United States and Japan, and is headquartered in London. The British Broadcasting Corporation (Radio Network) (BBCNetwork Radio) was founded in 1922. It has five domestic radio stations and one foreign radio station, and broadcasts programs in 43 languages to countries all over the world. The British Broadcasting Corporation (Television) (BBCTelevision) began broadcasting television in 1936, and has two stations: BBC1 mainly broadcasts news, religion, sports, opera, and children's and entertainment programs, and BBC2 mainly broadcasts music, art, comedy, education and some special programs. There are also five digital channels for subscribers. The Radio Authority is responsible for authorizing and managing all independent radio services and monitoring the quality of programmes and advertising. The Independent Television Commission (ITC) approves and regulates commercial television services and owns ITV (Channel 3), Channel 4 and Channel 5. ITV was first launched in 1955 and is a 24-hour national service that broadcasts news one-third of the time and sports, comedy, games and films the rest. ITV is a 24-hour national service that began in 1955. It is mainly sponsored by advertisements. In March 1997, Channel 5 began broadcasting. With the rapid development of the Internet, all major newspapers and television have online versions, with BBC Online being the most visited site.
The Guildhall building in Queen Victoria Square, Birmingham
Diplomacy: Britain is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, one of the world's five nuclear powers, and an important member of 120 international organizations such as the European Union, NATO, the Commonwealth and the Western European Union. It advocates stronger relations with the United States, attaches importance to the development of relations with other major powers, and endeavors to improve relations with China, Russia, Japan and other major powers. It endeavors to maintain ties with Commonwealth countries and to maintain and expand its influence in developing countries. Actively participate in global affairs, maintain a strong national defense force, and emphasize free trade. Enhance international cooperation on issues such as environmental protection, human rights, and development. Put human rights issues at the center of its foreign policy.
Relationship with China: In January 1950, it declared its recognition of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
On June 17, 1954, China and the United Kingdom reached an agreement on the exchange of chargés d'affaires.
On March 13, 1972, the two countries signed a joint communiqué on the upgrading of their diplomatic relations to the level of ambassadors.
In September 1982, the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, as the first serving prime minister in the United Kingdom, visited China.
December 1984, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher visited China again. In December 1984, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher visited China again and signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration on Hong Kong with Chinese leader ****.
Introduction United Kingdom Top of Page
Background:
Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in the development of the world's largest economy. Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of a century. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the British Empire. half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union for the time being. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999, but the latter has not yet been fully implemented. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999, but the latter is suspended due to wrangling over the peace process.
Geography United Kingdom Top of Page
northwest of France
Geographic coordinates:
54 00 N, 2 00 W
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 244,820 sq km
land: 241,590 sq km
water: 3,230 sq km
note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands
Area - comparative:
Slightly smaller than Oregon
Water. slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
total: 360 km
border countries: Ireland 360 km
Coastline:
12,429
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries
Climate:
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half a day. Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast
Terrain:
mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: The Fens -4 m
highest point: Ben Nevis 1,343 m
Natural resources:
coal, coal, and other materials:
Natural resources:
coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land
< p>Land use:arable land: 23.23%
permanent crops: 0.2%
other: 76.57% (2005)
Irrigated land:
1,700 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards:
winter windstorms; floods
Environment - current issues:
continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ( has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target and move toward a domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by 2010); by 2005 by 2010); by 2005 the government aims to reduce the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed of of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to recycle or compost the waste. by 2005 the government aims to reduce the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to recycle or compost at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015; between 1998-99 and 1999-2000, household recycling increased from 8.8% to 10.3%. from 8.8% to 10.3%
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution- Sulfur 94, Air Pollution- Sulfur 95, and Air Pollution- Sulfur 95. Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals. Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Antarctic Seals Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Geography - note:
lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from t location is more than 125 km from tidal waters
People United Kingdom Top of Page
Population:
60,609,153 (July 2006 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 17.5% (male 5,417,663/female 5,161,714)
15-64 years: 66.8% (male 20,476,571/female 19,988,959)
65 years and over: 15.8% (male 19,988,959)
Population:
60,609,153 (July 2006 est. 65 years and over: 15.8% (male 4,087,020/female 5,477,226) (2006 est.)
Median age:
total: 39.3 years
male: 38.2 years
female: 40.4 years (2006 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.28% (2006 est.)
Birth rate:
10.71 births/1,000 population ( 2006 est.)
Death rate:
10.13 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration rate:
2.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration rate:
2.18 migrants(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
The number of migrants in the population is estimated to be about 1,000 per year.
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.67 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 78.54 years
male: 76.09 years
female: 81.13 years (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.66 children born/woman (2006 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.2% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
51,000 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
less than 500 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
noun Ethnic groups:
white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 4.9%, English 4.6%, Scottish 4.9%, Northern Irish 4.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 4.9%) White (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)
Religions:
Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic), Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic), Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic). Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census)
< p>Languages:English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
Literacy:
Literacy:
Definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
Government United Kingdom Top of Page
Country name:
conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; note - Great Britain includes England and Wales. Ireland; note - Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales
conventional short form: United Kingdom
abbreviation: UK
Government type:
Government of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Government type:
constitutional monarchy
Capital:
London
Administrative divisions:
England: 47 boroughs, 36 counties, 29 London boroughs 36 counties, 29 London boroughs, 12 cities and boroughs, 10 districts, 12 cities, 3 royal boroughs
boroughs: Barnsley, Blackburn with Darwen. Blackpool, Bolton, Bournemouth, Bracknell Forest, Brighton and Hove, Bury, Calderdale, Darlington, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Halton. Hartlepool, Kirklees, Knowsley, Luton, Medway, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes, North Tyneside, Oldham, Poole, Reading, Redcar and Cleveland. Rochdale, Rotherham, Sandwell, Sefton, Slough, Solihull, Southend-on-Sea, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Stockton-on-Tees, Swindon. Tameside, Thurrock, Torbay, Trafford, Walsall, Warrington, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton
counties (or unitary authorities): Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire Herefordshire, He
References: