It is an indisputable fact that the daily operation cost of incineration plants is high. According to the calculation, in the 33-year loan repayment period, the total cost in the first year of production is 365,438+07 yuan/ton, which increases with the increase of profits.
Location/location of the factory
The interest expense is decreasing, and the average annual disposal expense is 2 19.97 yuan/ton, which is 2-3 times of the landfill disposal expense. If calculated according to the sales price of 0.5 yuan/kWh, the total annual average profit is-32.44 million yuan, and the investment profit rate is -4.62%.
It is not difficult to see from the above data that it is difficult for incineration plants to maintain basic operation only by selling electricity and scrap steel.
The evaluation of domestic waste incineration should start from its system benefits. As can be seen from the following table, although the operation cost of domestic waste landfill treatment is low, it occupies a large area and has a great impact on the environment. Domestic waste incineration disposal has obvious waste reduction rate, low environmental impact rate, good energy output rate and obvious system benefit, which meets the requirements of sustainable development strategy. Therefore, it is still a good way to treat domestic garbage.
1. Graded subsidies for municipal and district governments
The collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste shall be undertaken by the municipal and district governments. The district-level sanitation management department is responsible for collecting and transporting domestic garbage to the transfer station (or transfer station), and the municipal sanitation department is responsible for transporting domestic garbage from the transfer station to the landfill disposal site. The whole collection, transportation and disposal cost is about 120 yuan/ton (vehicle ton), of which the front-end collection and transportation cost is about 70 yuan/ton (vehicle ton) and the back-end transportation and disposal cost is about 50 yuan/ton (vehicle ton).
After the incineration plant is completed and put into operation, the new district will take full responsibility for the collection, transportation and disposal of domestic garbage in the whole region. According to the average annual profit of the incineration plant of-32.44 million yuan, the average disposal of 1 ton of domestic garbage will lose about 90 yuan. Therefore, it is suggested that the relevant departments of the municipal government should subsidize the funds originally used for the later transportation and treatment of domestic waste to the new district government according to the original 50 yuan/ton (actual ton, the same below), and the difference should be borne by the Pudong New Area government, and then the subsidies of the two levels of government should be settled to the incineration plant according to the actual treatment capacity of the incineration plant.
In other words, for the incineration plant, it will sign a contract with the government to incinerate the domestic garbage. According to the actual disposal amount, the government subsidizes the corresponding funds for each disposal of 1 ton of domestic garbage, and the incineration plant settles accounts with the government regularly. At the beginning of operation, due to the heavy repayment burden, the subsidy should be slightly higher, and it can be reduced year by year in the future.
2. The government repays the loan and the incineration plant operates independently.
According to the calculation, the operating cost of domestic waste incineration (excluding principal and interest) is10/.8 yuan/ton, and its composition is as follows: raw and auxiliary materials and fuel power account for 7.59%, wages and benefits account for 9.69%, repair costs account for 50.73%, and landfill costs account for 22. 17%. The average annual total cost of domestic waste incineration is 2 19.97 yuan/ton, that is, more than 50% of the total disposal cost is debt service. If only calculated according to the operating cost, the annual operating cost of the incineration plant is only about 37 million yuan.
If calculated according to the electricity price of 0.5 yuan/kWh, the annual power generation income of the incineration plant can reach 53 million yuan, and if the income from recycling resources such as scrap metal is about 3 million yuan, the total income can reach about 56 million yuan. Therefore, if the electricity price of 0.5 yuan/kWh can be realized, the incineration plant can still maintain normal operation only by bearing the operating cost.
Therefore, it is suggested that Pudong Development Group invest in the construction of incineration plants through loans and other financing methods to reduce the one-time investment burden of the government. After it is put into operation, the government will repay the loan principal and interest within the year. If the average loan repayment is calculated in 20 years, the government needs to pay about 34.5 million yuan every year.
In another scheme, it is suggested that all the principal and interest of the construction loan be spread into the treatment fee per ton of domestic waste according to the repayment period and the total amount of domestic waste treated, and then the government will actually treat the total amount of domestic waste every year and subsidize it to the domestic waste incineration plant, and then the incineration plant will repay the loan principal and interest every year. If calculated according to the repayment period of 20 years, the average amortization of the principal and interest of construction investment to each ton of domestic garbage is 94.5 yuan. That is, for every 1 ton of domestic garbage disposed by the incineration plant, the government subsidizes 95 yuan and repays the principal and interest of the construction investment by stages. The daily operating expenses of the incineration plant are solved by the factory itself.
Discussion work
(2) It is suggested to implement the green electricity price system.
The average on-grid electricity price in this city is 0.3 13 yuan/kwh. If the power grid management department buys the electricity generated by the incineration plant at this price, even if the construction investment of the incineration plant is repaid by the government in years, it is difficult to maintain normal operation.
Therefore, it is suggested that the power grid management department should implement a special green electricity price system for domestic waste incineration waste heat power generation in accordance with the relevant policies of the state to support renewable energy, and improve its on-grid electricity price. The proposed scheme is as follows:
1. government takeover
Renewable energy is the future direction of global energy development. As a part of biomass energy, the technology of burning garbage to generate electricity is quite mature, and the government does not need to invest a lot of money in research and development. Therefore, it is a more realistic renewable energy, which is easy to adopt and popularize.
Shanghai is a city with high energy consumption, so it is more practical to promote renewable energy. As a biomass-based domestic waste incineration project, its application conditions are mature and can be used as a starting point for promoting renewable energy in Shanghai. Therefore, it is suggested that the government attach great importance to it and give key support.
In order to show that the Shanghai Municipal Government attaches importance to and supports renewable energy, it is suggested that the power generated by Pudong Domestic Waste Incineration Plant should be purchased by the government at the electricity price of 0.5 yuan/kWh. This can not only avoid the contradiction of communication between the incineration plant and the power grid management department, but also simplify the income channels of the incineration plant, and also reflect the government's support for renewable energy, which has taken a substantial step in implementing the sustainable development strategy.
2. Amortization of electricity price
According to statistics, the power generation in 1998 was 42.96 billion kwh. After the incineration plant is put into operation, the on-grid electricity consumption can reach 65.438+0.07 billion kWh, accounting for about 65.438+0/430 of the city's power generation, which will occupy a certain proportion.
Judging from the situation, the utilization technology of renewable energy is complex and costly; However, from the perspective of long-term benefits and development prospects, renewable energy will gradually become the mainstream of energy acquisition in the future. With the development of technology, the cost will eventually be lower than the current energy. To realize this transformation, we must start from the system benefit, increase investment, support the development of renewable energy, and finally make renewable energy low-cost and universal.
Therefore, it is suggested to follow the principle of system benefit, implement the city-wide price increase, and amortize the difference between the green electricity price and the current average on-grid electricity price to the city-wide power grid, that is, increase the price on the basis of the current user electricity price of 0.6 1 yuan/kwh.
According to statistics, the electricity consumption of this city in 1998 was 43.02 billion kwh. The annual on-line electricity consumption of incineration plant is 65.438+0.7 billion kWh. It is suggested that the green electricity price purchased from the incineration plant should be 0.5 yuan/kWh, which is 0.654.38+0.87 yuan/kWh compared with the current average on-grid electricity price of 0.365.438+0.3 yuan/kWh, with a total difference of 20 million yuan. Amortize this 20 million yuan on the electricity consumption of 43.02 billion kWh, and increase the price by 0.00046 yuan per kWh.
Therefore, as long as the current electricity price is increased by 0.0 1 yuan, that is, 0.62 yuan/kwh, the electricity fee will be increased by 430 million yuan every year, of which 30 million yuan will be used to subsidize the domestic waste incineration plant and 400 million yuan will be used as the renewable energy development fund to encourage the development and research of other renewable energy sources.
(3) It is suggested to ensure the continuous supply of domestic garbage with good quality and quantity.
1. High-quality supply-establish a classified collection system suitable for domestic waste incineration.
The composition of domestic waste is complex and unstable, and its calorific value changes greatly. The composition of domestic waste directly affects the incineration efficiency.
Removal of incombustible components from domestic waste before incineration can ensure the stable calorific value of domestic waste and improve incineration efficiency, which is a very important preceding process. This will depend on the classified disposal behavior of domestic waste producers and the classified collection of environmental sanitation operation departments.
Dispose of garbage
The classified collection of domestic waste within the scope of incineration plant is different from the classified collection of resource recovery. The classified collection of resource recovery needs to classify recyclable waste paper and waste plastics, and then sort them out for reuse. However, these substances are the basic raw materials for obtaining calorific value by incineration, and the classification and collection methods need to be adjusted for incineration disposal.
It is suggested that a classified collection system suitable for domestic waste incineration should be established within the service scope of incineration plant. That is, residents and units are required to divide domestic garbage into combustible and nonflammable categories. Combustible garbage includes waste paper, waste plastics, kitchen waste, etc. Non-combustible garbage includes waste glass, aluminum cans and scrap iron. Put them into different collection containers as required, or collect them at home by professionals to ensure the quality of raw materials in the incineration plant.
It is a very arduous task to carry out classified collection of domestic waste. It is suggested to strengthen publicity first, so that residents and units can understand its significance and are willing to actively cooperate. The second is to do a good job in the pilot work, select qualified communities to carry out small-scale pilot projects, and gradually promote them after gaining experience. By the end of 200 1, the incineration plant will be fully opened when it is officially put into production. The third is to formulate reward and punishment measures. Because the operation of incineration plant is discontinuous and the quality of raw materials is very critical, it must be mandatory. Unlike resource recycling and classified collection, it is voluntary.
2. Ensure supply-establish a collection and transportation network to ensure continuous supply.
For incineration plants, it is required not only to ensure the quality of raw materials, but also to supply raw materials quantitatively and continuously. Because once the incineration plant is ignited, it must ensure continuous power supply to the power grid and cannot stop running.
It is suggested that sanitation and other garbage collection and transportation units send domestic garbage to incineration plants in strict accordance with the contract requirements. The incineration plant will review the transportation situation of each company according to the contract requirements, and return it to the relevant government departments after obtaining the visa, which will be an important basis for the government departments to pay the domestic garbage collection and transportation fees.
The key to realize the quantitative and continuous supply of domestic waste is to establish a scientific and reasonable domestic waste collection and transportation network. Due to the lack of water transportation conditions in the incineration plant, the garbage collection and transportation in the incineration plant will be mainly based on land transportation.
Therefore, it is suggested to build a collection system mainly consisting of small compressed garbage collection stations and post-loaded compressed trucks, a transit system mainly consisting of a single large compressed transfer station for each management, and a scientific collection and transportation network consisting of a large tonnage (10 ton or more) vehicle transportation system to ensure the quantitative and continuous supply of domestic garbage.
(four) suggestions to properly solve the final disposal problem.
After incineration, about 20% of residue fly ash will still be produced. It is estimated that the incineration plant will produce 76,700 tons of ash and 9,336 tons of fly ash. However, the incineration plant is unable to solve the final disposal problem.
It is suggested that the government implement the final disposal site of ash. The site selection, construction and disposal operations are undertaken by the government's professional departments, and the old port garbage disposal site may be temporarily used for disposal.
It is suggested to establish a professional ash transportation team, and the professional transportation company is responsible for transporting the ash to the final disposal site on a regular basis. Because it is not suitable for incineration plants to establish independent transport fleets.
Garbage disposal equipment
And the operating cost is already high, it is suggested that the government departments should be responsible for the arrangement, and the existing sanitation transportation companies can be used for collection and transportation.
(V) Suggest the formulation and implementation of relevant support policies.
1. Introduce the collection method of domestic waste treatment fee as soon as possible.
Citizens have the right to enjoy a good environment and the obligation to protect it. This obligation is manifested in the sanitation behavior, and they should actively cooperate with the garbage sorting and discarding work; In economic behavior, we should bear a certain cost of domestic garbage disposal. To some extent, economic means can awaken people's awareness of environmental protection and standardize people's environmental protection behavior.
Many cities in China have levied domestic garbage disposal fees. Such as Beijing, Nanjing and Shenzhen, have achieved remarkable environmental and economic benefits. The city is also planning to levy a domestic garbage disposal fee, but it has not been introduced.
It is suggested that the relevant government departments introduce the collection method of domestic garbage disposal fee as soon as possible. According to estimates, if 5 yuan is levied on every household every month, Pudong New Area can collect about 20 million yuan for the whole year. If this levy is used to subsidize the operation of incineration plants, it can offset the difference in green electricity prices purchased by the government.
At the same time, it is also suggested that after the domestic waste treatment fee is levied, it should be fully implemented in the incineration plant to ensure the normal treatment of domestic waste in the new area.
2. Implement relevant preferential policies.
Many countries and regions adopt preferential policies such as tax incentives to encourage the development of domestic waste incineration for power generation. For example, the United States will reduce personal income tax by purchasing and installing renewable energy equipment for enterprises; For enterprises with renewable energy equipment, enterprise income tax shall be reduced or exempted; Sales tax on materials and equipment required for the manufacture, installation and operation of renewable energy equipment shall be deducted. Taiwan Province Province, China, implements preferential loans for the construction of domestic waste incineration plants, and exempts imported waste incineration equipment and parts from customs duties.
Domestic waste incineration power generation also belongs to the category of comprehensive utilization of resources, and the state has formulated relevant preferential policies, including tax reduction and exemption policies. However, in the specific implementation, the relevant policies are too general and often encounter the problem of defining the scope. Therefore, it is suggested that relevant departments formulate detailed rules for the implementation of corresponding preferential policies, further refine and improve the scope of comprehensive utilization of resources, and conscientiously implement relevant policies so that domestic waste incineration power generation projects can enjoy the preferential policies formulated by the state. For example, corporate income tax can enjoy the policy of five exemptions and five reductions.
3. Formulate classified collection methods for domestic garbage as soon as possible.
In order to make the classified collection suitable for domestic waste incineration in Pudong New Area have laws to follow, it is suggested that government departments should formulate classified collection methods suitable for domestic waste incineration in the new area as soon as possible, so as to ensure that residents, enterprises and institutions can actively cooperate with the classified disposal of domestic waste and the classified collection of environmental sanitation departments when the incineration plant is completed and put into operation at the end of 200/kloc-0, so as to ensure the high-quality supply of raw materials for the incineration plant and improve the efficiency of incineration power generation.
Technical/process specifications
The above are some ideas on the operation of the domestic waste incineration plant in Pudong New Area after investigation on the construction project. When completed, Pudong New Area Domestic Waste Incineration Plant will be the largest domestic waste incineration plant in China, with a certain demonstration effect and a certain impact on the whole country. Therefore, in addition to combining the operation experience of domestic waste incineration plants at home and abroad, a careful and reliable operation scheme can be formulated, and some new operation methods can be explored. For example, we can combine the high-quality assets of the domestic waste collection, transportation and incineration disposal system in the new district through capital operation, inject the concept of environmental protection, package them and list them on the second board (Growth Enterprise Market) which will be opened soon in China, raise funds from the capital market, promote the incineration disposal of domestic waste, and further promote the development and growth of emerging waste industries.