1. Fire and explosion protection:
1. 1 General requirements:
1. 1. 1 It is necessary to strengthen the management of fire sources and conscientiously implement the provisions of the Hot Work System for Safe Production to prevent fire and explosion accidents.
1. 1.2 Motor vehicles without flame arresters are prohibited from entering the production area.
1. 1.3 It is forbidden to scrub equipment, appliances and clothes with flammable liquids such as gasoline.
1. 1.4 All employees engaged in open flame operation and employees working in inflammable and explosive posts must wear the specified labor protection clothing before entering the production post.
1. 1.5 inflammable and explosive articles should be stored in designated safe places, and flammable liquids such as alcohol are not allowed to be stored in offices and dressing rooms. Used oil cotton yarn, oil paper and other flammable scrubbing materials should be put into a special iron container with a cover at any time.
1. 1.6 It is forbidden to build buildings or pile up various materials in fire prevention spaces and fire safety passages.
1. 1.7 The insulation layer of equipment and pipelines shall be made of flame retardant materials, and combustible liquid shall be prevented from penetrating into the insulation layer.
1. 1.8 It is forbidden to pile up inflammable and explosive articles on high-voltage lines.
1. 1.9 lightning protection devices must be installed in dangerous goods warehouses, gas holders, main power distribution equipment, tall buildings and tall equipment. Before the rainy season every year, lightning protection devices must be inspected and tested.
1. 1. 10 It is forbidden to use tools that are easy to generate sparks in inflammable and explosive places.
1.1.11workshops and factories shall be equipped with emergency lighting, emergency exhaust and standby safety power supply as required.
1.2 fire and explosion prevention measures for production equipment:
1.2. 1 The building of the workshop, the storage of flammable materials and the layout of production process devices must meet the relevant requirements of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and the Code for Fire Protection Design of Refinery and Chemical Enterprises.
1.2.2 the layout and installation of electrical equipment (including temporary electrical equipment) in the production workshop must meet the requirements of fire prevention and explosion prevention in People's Republic of China (PRC)'s Electrical Safety Regulations for Explosive Places.
1.2.3 Temperature and pressure detection instruments, acousto-optic alarm and emergency stop interlocking devices shall be set in the parts that may cause fire and explosion in the production system.
1.2.4 safety devices such as check valves should be installed between the high and low pressure systems, and necessary monitoring instruments and automatic (or manual) pressure relief and discharge facilities should be installed.
1.2.5 All ventilation pipes should have pipes leading to the outside, which should be higher than the factory building. The ventilation pipe located in the open-air equipment area should be more than 2 meters higher than the tallest manned station nearby. When necessary, the combustible gas discharge pipe shall be equipped with a safety water seal or flame arrester. The exhaust pipe should be within the protection range of lightning protection facilities.
1.2.6 The equipment for sudden overpressure or instantaneous decomposition of explosive hazardous substances shall be equipped with safety valves or bursting discs (explosion-proof membranes), and the outlet of nonel tube shall face the safety direction.
1.2.7 the oxygen content in each link of the production process must be carefully controlled, and it is not allowed to exceed the regulations.
1.2.8 Equipment and pipelines for producing and storing flammable gases and flammable liquids shall be provided with grounding devices for eliminating static electricity. Anti-static measures shall be implemented in Technical Regulations for Electrostatic Grounding Design of Chemical Enterprises.
1.2.9 All automatic control systems shall be connected in parallel with manual control systems.
1.3 hot work regulations:
1.3. 1 The enterprise should divide the fixed hot work area or the no-fire area in the factory area according to the degree of fire danger and the needs of production and maintenance.
1.3.2 The conditions and requirements for setting up a fixed hot work area must be:
1.3.2. 1 The distance from inflammable and explosive factories, equipment and pipelines shall not be less than 30m. , and in the upwind direction of the dominant wind direction in flammable and explosive areas.
1.3.2.2 During normal venting of production, combustible gas will not spread to the fixed hot work area. There shall be no pipe trench or cable trench in the fixed hot work area.
1.3.2.3 The fixed hot work area should be clearly marked, and flammable sundries are not allowed to be piled up, and a certain number of fire-fighting equipment should be equipped.
1.3.2.4 Indoor fixed hot work area should be isolated from dangerous sources, doors and windows should be opened outward, and roads should be clear.
1.3.2.5 Delineation of fixed hot work area shall be applied by the user department and registered and approved by the factory safety department.
1.3.3 Except for the fixed hot work area, all other areas in the factory area are no-fire areas. The use of electricity, gas welding (cutting) and blowtorch in no-fire areas, and the use of electric drills, grinding wheels, angle grinders and other temporary operations that can generate sparks and hot surfaces in inflammable and explosive areas must be licensed for hot work.
1.3.4 The examination and approval of hot work permit must comply with the following procedures:
1.3.4. 1 Hot work with special danger in important parts such as inflammable and explosive production equipment area and tank farm in operation shall be carried out according to "Special Hot Work" in this regulation.
1.3.4.2 hot work in inflammable and explosive workshop, post, equipment, pipeline and its surroundings is called a hot work. The first-class hot work shall be examined and approved by the factory safety department.
1.3.4.3 Hot work outside the fixed hot work area and the first-class hot work scope, or hot work involving non-welding cutting operations or lifting high-temperature materials within the first-class hot work scope is called second-class hot work. The second type of hot work shall be approved by the workshop where the hot work is located.
1.3.4.4 Hot work with special hazards and areas is special hot work. Special hot work shall be reviewed by the factory safety and fire department and submitted to the production supervisor and chief engineer for approval. When necessary, fire engines and ambulances are on standby at the hot work site.
1.3.4.5 Fill in the contents of the hot card item by item carefully. The hot work permit shall be used within the approved period and scope, and must be renewed after the specified hot work time.
1.3.5 The persons in charge of hot work at all levels must do the following safety work:
1.3.5. 1 The person in charge of the hot work project must decompose the work contents, hot work parts and surrounding conditions in detail before hot work, participate in the formulation of safety measures for hot work, and explain the tasks and fire safety precautions to the operators.
1.3.5.2 Before hot work, the hot work executor must show the hot work permit to the on-site chemistry monitor on duty, complete the examination and approval procedures, implement the measures and sign before hot work.
1.3.5.3 The hot work guardian shall not leave the site during the operation. If any abnormal situation is found, the operation shall be stopped immediately. After the operation is completed, the person in charge of the hot work project and the hot work executor should check the site to eliminate the residual fire and confirm that there is no residual fire before leaving.
1.3.5.4 During hot work, if the chemical monitor (or section chief) finds any emergency or abnormal situation in the production system, he must immediately notify to stop hot work.
1.3.5.5 The hot work analyst must truthfully fill in the sampling time and analysis results on the hot work permit and sign it for approval.
1.3.6 hot work analysis must comply with relevant regulations and standards, and meet the requirements of "7" of this regulation.
1.3.7 All hot work shall take safe and reliable fire and explosion-proof measures. The following work must be completed in the early stage of hot work:
1.3.7. 1 The equipment pipeline has been chemically treated. The source of gas or liquid must be cut off, and the blind plates blocked at the inlet and outlet should be completely isolated from the system. If necessary, a section of connecting pipeline should be removed to completely remove the flammable and explosive substances inside the equipment. Replace thoroughly, leaving no dead ends.
1.3.7.2 Flammable and explosive articles around the hot work site shall be cleaned, and there shall be no gas emission from the water seal, manhole and sewer nearby, and the roads shall be smooth.
1.3.7.3 hot work monitoring personnel and fire fighting equipment shall wait until their posts are in place.
1.3.7.4 If hot work is carried out in the equipment, a "tank entry permit" must also be obtained.
1.3.8 During hot work construction, the following safety regulations must also be implemented:
1.3.8. 1 All movable or detachable production equipment, pipelines and components shall be moved to a fixed hot work area.
1.3.8.2 It is forbidden to carry out combustible solvent cleaning and paint brushing at the same time within10m of the hot work site.
1.3.8.3 The equipment and tools used in hot work must meet the safety requirements, and their safety accessories must be complete and intact. Never lap the welding zero line (secondary line) on the equipment and process pipeline, nor use fire in the interview.
1.3.8.4 oxygen and acetylene cylinders should be more than 0 meter away from the hot spot 10. Oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders are not allowed to be placed under chemical pipe racks and power overhead lines.
1.3.8.5 In case of gale or bad weather with magnitude 6 or above, hot work at high altitude should be stopped.
1.3.8.6 When hot work is carried out at high places, a fire pan filled with welding slag should be used; Or install iron and asbestos fences to prevent sparks from splashing and capture welding slag. Check from top to bottom before hot work. Flammable articles are not allowed to be stored and flammable gases and liquids are not allowed to be discharged within the range of 10 meter vertically below the hot work.
1.4 fire protection:
1.4. 1 Enterprises must implement the fire control policy of "putting prevention first and combining prevention with fire fighting".
1.4.2 The enterprise's fire-fighting facilities and organizations should be configured according to the requirements of the fire department, on the basis of comprehensive consideration of the factory planning and whether there are fire-fighting coordination conditions nearby.
1.4.3 fire hydrants should be set at the roadside of the main roads in the production area, and the spacing and protection radius should not exceed 120m. Underground fire hydrants should be clearly marked.
1.4.4 the enterprise shall set up a main fire room, equipped with appropriate fire-fighting equipment and fire-fighting equipment.
1.4.5 In addition to setting fire-fighting facilities in the whole plant, enterprises must also set fire-fighting equipment in production sections, power distribution stations, warehouses and other places according to the specification requirements.
1.4.6 Fire fighting equipment should be placed in an obvious, accessible and safe place, with no obstacles or sundries around and smooth roads.
1.4.7 a fire safety management system must be established, and the post personnel should know the performance, use and operation methods of fire fighting equipment, and achieve "four determinations" (fixed point, fixed time, fixed model and dosage, and designated person for maintenance and management) to ensure that fire fighting equipment is in a good standby state and is not allowed to be used for other purposes. Check and clean up empty bottles and invalid fire fighting equipment in time.
1.4.8 Fire fighting equipment and all fire fighting facilities shall be painted with red signs.
1.4.9 Steam and nitrogen should be fully used to extinguish the fire. The main process units shall be provided with fixed or semi-fixed fire-fighting steam extinguishing pipes.
1.4. 10 In case of fire, the field personnel shall immediately put out the fire and call the police. When there is a fire in the chemical workshop and process equipment, it is necessary to report to the on-site duty, dispatcher and relevant leaders quickly, and make emergency treatment from the process in time to prevent the fire from spreading.
1.4. 1 1 In case of process fire, emergency measures shall be taken immediately to cut off the source of combustible gas, and steam and nitrogen shall be introduced to extinguish the fire when conditions permit, so as to avoid misoperation and prevent secondary disasters.
1.4. 12 when electrical equipment and lines are on fire, the power supply must be cut off when fighting, and water or other conductive fire extinguishing agents are prohibited.
2 dustproof and antivirus
2. 1 General requirements:
2. 1. 1 Enterprises must improve working conditions, do a good job of dust prevention and gas protection, and realize safe and civilized production.
2. 1.2 the management of production, storage, transportation and use of toxic and harmful substances must be strengthened to prevent the leakage and diffusion of dust and toxic substances, so that the concentration of dust and toxic substances in the workplace and the discharge of "three wastes" meet the requirements of "Hygienic Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises" and environmental protection.
2. 1.3 In the production post where the noise exceeds the national standard, noise control measures must be taken to make the noise in the workplace meet the requirements of the Hygienic Standard for Noise in Industrial Enterprises.
2. 1.4 For operations that do not meet the industrial hygiene standards stipulated by the state for a long time and have serious dust and toxic hazards, rectification shall be made within a time limit.
2. 1.5 After the dustproof and antivirus facilities are put into use, the technical effects shall be appraised and summarized in time, and technical files shall be established. Dust-proof and gas-proof facilities must be maintained and managed by special personnel to ensure normal operation. Do not stop using, misappropriating or dismantling at will.
2. 1.6 The design and construction departments of all new projects must strictly implement the national sanitary standards for industrial enterprises' design and the standards for the discharge of three wastes. Dust-proof and gas-proof facilities and "three wastes" treatment measures should be designed, constructed and put into operation simultaneously with the main project.
2.2 protective measures:
2.2. 1 actively use non-toxic or low-toxic raw materials, and do not use toxic or high-toxic raw materials.
2.2.2 Strengthen the maintenance of process equipment for producing and discharging toxic and harmful substances, keep the equipment in good condition, and put an end to running, running, dripping and leaking.
2.2.3 All operations with dust must actively adopt wet operation and isolation operation to reduce the chance of contact with dust and toxic substances. The crushing operation of ore and coal char should gradually realize mechanization, automation and sealing.
2.2.4 All toxic dust workplaces must strengthen the management of natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation, and make full use of natural ventilation for ventilation.
2.2.5 For posts with dust and toxic operations, special protective and first-aid equipment cabinets should be set up at the site, equipped with sufficient dust-proof and anti-virus equipment. It is necessary to strengthen the management of protective equipment, train post personnel to understand the structure, principle and performance, and use, maintain and handle faults. Protective equipment shall be equipped according to the following provisions:
2.2.5. 1 Each toxic post is equipped with an accident cabinet.
Each accident cabinet in 2.2.5.2 is equipped with two air respirator or oxygen respirators that meet the quality requirements. The number of bottles of air (oxygen) respirators in the factory is twice that of air (oxygen) respirators equipped on site.
Each accident cabinet in 2.2.5.3 is equipped with filter gas masks (4 # and 5 # canisters), and the number of gas masks should exceed the number of people on duty in each shift.
Each workshop of toxic and harmful substances in 2.2.5.4 is equipped with 2 ~ 3 sets of long tube gas masks.
2.2.5.5 factory infirmary should be equipped with first-aid equipment, such as first-aid devices and stretchers.
2.2.6 When entering the equipment containing toxic and harmful substances, the relevant provisions of the production safety ban of the Ministry of Chemical Industry must be strictly implemented.
2.2.7 When adding blind plates to toxic gas equipment and pipelines, appropriate gas masks must be worn.
2.2.8 Containers containing toxic and harmful substances should prevent leakage and diffusion during storage and transportation, and warning signs must be placed outside the containers.
2.2.9 The storage and use of highly toxic substances should establish a strict receiving and dispatching system, put them in a special cabinet (room), keep them in double locks and double accounts, and implement the provisions of double transportation and double feeding.
2.2. 10 domestic water and steam must be completely separated from production water and steam to prevent toxic substances from entering the domestic water and steam system.
2.3 Protection monitoring and poisoning rescue:
2.3. 1 Enterprises should regularly detect the concentrations of various toxic and harmful substances in the air of workplaces. Post monitoring points and detection times shall be implemented according to "main monitoring points and determination period of small nitrogen fertilizer plant". Enterprises should set up full-time personnel to detect toxic and harmful substances.
2.3.2 The detection method of harmful substances in the workshop shall be implemented in accordance with the Monitoring and Inspection Method for Workplace Air and relevant national regulations. The test results are sent to the production workshop and safety, environmental protection and health departments on a monthly basis, and published in the dust and poison post in time.
2.3.3 When the toxic and harmful substances in the workplace (workshop) exceed the national standards, we should carefully find out the reasons, instruct the special person to be responsible and handle them in time.
2.3.4 Employees engaged in toxic and harmful operations should have regular health check-ups and establish health monitoring files.
2.3.5 Enterprises should strengthen the industrial hygiene education for workers in toxic and harmful posts, improve their own protection ability, establish and improve the emergency rescue system and scheme for acute poisoning accidents, and strengthen the liaison and reporting system.
2.3.6 Emergency measures for acute poisoning rescue should be strictly implemented in accordance with the Provisions on Emergency Measures for Acute Poisoning Rescue in Chemical Enterprises.