The clinical significance of ECG examination has positive value in the diagnosis of arrhythmia and conduction disorder.
The diagnosis of myocardial infarction has high accuracy, which can not only determine whether there is myocardial infarction, but also determine the focus, location, scope and evolution of infarction.
It is helpful for the diagnosis of atrioventricular hypertrophy, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, coronary insufficiency and pericarditis.
Can help to understand the role of some drugs (such as digitalis, quinidine, etc. ) and myocardial electrolyte disorder.
As a time marker of electrical information, electrocardiogram is usually associated with cardiac functions such as phonocardiogram, echocardiography and impedance cardiogram.
Measurements and other cardiac electrophysiological studies are also recorded to help determine the time.
The limitation of ECG examination ECG is only a record of the electrical activity of heart excitement, which is influenced by many factors such as mutual antagonism and individual differences. Some heart diseases, especially in the early stage, can be normal, while ECG abnormalities, such as occasional premature beats, do not necessarily have heart diseases.
Different heart diseases can cause the same ECG pattern changes; Different ECG patterns may be different manifestations of the same heart disease.
Electrocardiogram can not directly reflect the heart valve activity, heart sound changes and functional status. Therefore, ECG examination must be closely combined with clinic, and it can never replace detailed consultation, comprehensive physical examination and other necessary laboratory examinations.
Electrocardiogram examination content (1) The abscissa of each small square on ECG paper is 0.04s, and the ordinate is 0.lmV.
(2) Heart rate: sinus rhythm, normally between 60- 100bpm*, sinus tachycardia when it exceeds 100bpm, and sinus bradycardia when it is below 60bpm. Below or above the normal frequency in a certain range, as well as mild sinus arrhythmia, all belong to the normal range of heart rhythm.
(3) Heart rhythm: The sinus rhythm of healthy people is normal most of the time, and occasional premature beats are not abnormal.
(4) P wave: In limb lead, except aVR inversion, the other leads are mostly upright or relatively straight. In the chest wall lead V 1-6, the upright position is not obvious enough.
(5) PR interval: the time from the beginning of P wave to the beginning of QRS syndrome. The normal range is 0.12-0.20s. ..
(6) qRs complex: It is a narrow and diverse (QR, R, Rs, rS, or qRs) complex, and the time is within a narrow range of 0.06-0. 10s.
(7) ST segment: it is a segment from point J at the end of QRS cross to the beginning of R wave. The standard form is a shallow upward drift vertical T wave. The parallel or oblique depression of sT segment is abnormal, and normal people can see mild elevation, which should be judged according to clinical conditions.
(8) T-wave: When R-wave is higher than 0.5mV, the rest should be upright (for example, I and II leads should be upright, aVR leads should be inverted, and V4-6 leads should be upright).
(9) U-wave: The wavelet after T-wave is easy to see in V2-3, and it should be upright under normal circumstances, but not obvious in other leads.
(10) Q-T interval: the interval from the beginning of qRS wave to the end of T wave. The heart rate of Q-T interval changes slightly, but the prolongation of Q-T interval is of great significance. Abnormal shortening is mostly caused by drug or electrolyte disorder.
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