The Yellow River Delta, with Ninghai in Kenli County as the axis, starts from the mouth of Taoer River in the north, reaches the mouth of Zimai River in the south and spreads eastward. Its elevation is below 15m, and its area is 5450km2, which is the youngest land in China. Modern Yellow River Delta is an alluvial fan formed by Yellow River alluvial action since 1855.
The Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve is only 60 kilometers away from Dongying City, which belongs to temperate monsoon continental climate, with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and the same period of rain and heat, with an average annual precipitation of 5565438 0.6 mm. This delta is a marine sedimentary plain filled with a large amount of sediment by the Yellow River in Bohai Depression. The landform of the modern Yellow River Delta includes floodplain highlands, sloping fields and large depressions. The newly formed swing tail land zone of the Yellow River is wide and low-lying, with its area expanding year by year and unique ecological type. A large area of shallow sea beaches and wetlands has been formed at the intersection of Haihe River, which has become an important "transit station" and wintering breeding ground in the inland of Northeast Asia and bird migration around the western Pacific Ocean. This area is rich in aquatic biological resources. According to preliminary investigation, there are more than 800 species, among which amphioxus, finless porpoise and Songjiang perch are under national key protection. There are hundreds of kinds of wild plants, and the endangered plant wild soybean under state protection is widely distributed. There are about 187 species of birds, and 108 species are included in the Sino-Japanese migratory bird protection agreement, among which red-crowned crane, white stork, golden eagle, great bustard, swan, cygnet, crane and bee are the national key protected wild animals.
The modern Yellow River Delta has unique landscape, young and vast land, novel natural landscapes such as trees, grasslands and wild animals, and strong wild interest. The wonderful "Tao Jin" pierced the blue sea and formed a rare spectacle in the world. There are abundant oil and gas resources here. There are many derricks in Shengli Oilfield, Dongying Bridge, dampproof dike and other magnificent modernization projects. Dongying, a new oil industrial city, is rich in natural resources. It is a treasure of the motherland and has broad development prospects.
The Yellow River is a river with good siltation, determination and migration ability, which carries about 65.438+0.6 billion tons of sediment southward every year, and about 65.438+0.2 billion tons of sediment is deposited in the estuary delta and coastal areas. On average, it pushes1.5-3km into the Bohai Sea every year, and newly reclaims 23-28km2 every year, which makes 30,000-40,000 mu of sea area silted up into new land resources. "Yesterday's sea, today's mulberry field" can be realized here. This advantage has injected new vitality into conservation. Whether it is used as a resting place and wintering habitat for rare birds or as a unique estuary ecosystem, it has important scientific value and ecological significance.
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The Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve at the mouth of the Yellow River is one of the most important wetlands in the world. It is a nature reserve that mainly protects the newborn wetland ecosystem and rare and endangered birds. It is an important "transit station" and wintering, habitat and breeding ground in the inland of Northeast Asia and bird migration around the western Pacific. It is the most complete, broadest and youngest wetland ecosystem in the warm temperate zone of China.
There are various species 19 17 in the nature reserve, among which 50 species are under special state protection. There are 65,438+0,524 species of wild animals, among which the aquatic animals are the first-class protected animals in China, sturgeon and Dan sturgeon, and the birds are red-crowned cranes, white-tailed sea eagles and merganser. There are 393 species of plants in the nature reserve, and the national key protected plant wild soybean is widely distributed in the nature reserve. There are 33,000 hectares of natural reed, natural weed land18,000 hectares, natural willow forest 2,000 hectares, natural tamarisk shrub forest 8 100 hectares and artificial locust forest 5,600 hectares. At present, the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve is the most intact and largest natural vegetation area along the coast of North China in China.
The Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve is a national nature reserve approved by the State Council, China in June 2002. The total area of the reserve is153,000 hectares. The newly-born natural wetland ecosystem and natural landscape here are the precious primitive "background" of nature, which provides an objective evaluation standard for measuring the achievements of human activities and provides an original reference for exploring the rational development direction of some ecosystems in the future. The establishment of nature reserves has greatly promoted the protection and reproduction of some endangered species, and has actually become a natural reservoir and gene bank for diverse species. At the same time, it also provides a good base for various ecological studies and becomes a natural laboratory set up in nature. Nature reserve is also the most authentic and vivid natural museum, and it is a big classroom for people to protect and love nature.
Since the establishment of the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, the natural resources and environment in this area have been effectively protected, creating good environmental conditions for the reproduction of birds. The species and number of birds have greatly increased. According to the survey, the species of birds have increased from 187 before the construction of the area to 269 now, including 2 species of national first-class protected birds and 6 species of second-class protected birds. There are more than 300 red-crowned cranes, more than 6,000 gray cranes and more than 2,000 big swans in this area, which is greatly increased compared with that before the construction of this area. It is estimated that more than 6,543,800,000 snipe waterfowl pass through the nature reserve every year. There are only 3,000 black-billed gulls in the world, and more than 1500 have been observed in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, which shows that it has become the most important breeding habitat for black-billed gulls in the world.
The land of the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve is formed by the Yellow River carrying a large amount of sediment from upstream to downstream. Now the Yellow River Estuary is in the nature reserve. Today, the Yellow River estuary is still advancing to the sea at a speed of two to three kilometers per year, with an average annual land area of 32.4 square kilometers, which also makes the land area of the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve increase year by year and become the fastest-growing nature reserve in the world.