Abortion in early pregnancy, especially in the eighth week of pregnancy, 80% is caused by abnormal embryo development, and human reproductive function has a natural rejection reaction to abnormal embryos, so abortion occurs. Even if a few abnormal embryos survive in the mother's body, their development will not be smooth, and often they will either die or give birth to abnormal fetuses or offspring with chromosome diseases.
Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of ectopic pregnancy
If affected by some factors, the fertilized egg stays in the fallopian tube or moves to the ovary, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity and other places, it is ectopic pregnancy, also called ectopic pregnancy. Except for the uterine cavity, fertilized eggs can't develop normally no matter where they are implanted. When the pregnant egg grows to a certain extent, the capsule of the pregnant egg will rupture automatically or under the action of some external force, and the blood vessels in the capsule will also rupture and bleed. At this time, patients often show sudden and severe pain in one lower abdomen, and often have total abdominal pain, and even cause reflex shoulder pain. The common symptoms of excessive blood loss are pallor, rapid heartbeat, sweating all over the body and decreased blood pressure.
Because the early symptoms of ectopic pregnancy are hidden, most patients will be alert when they suddenly have severe abdominal pain, but at this time, the envelope of the pregnant egg has almost broken or has broken, so we must go to the hospital immediately. Some patients are too far away from the hospital or treated too late for other reasons, resulting in excessive intra-abdominal bleeding, or severe shock due to severe pain, thus losing valuable surgical opportunities.
Pay attention to check hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin is very important to human body, and the function of red blood cells to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide is mainly realized through it.
Composed of iron and protein, it is an important part of red blood cells.
During pregnancy, the blood volume increases by about 50%, the red blood cells increase by about 30%, and the blood is relatively diluted, which is called "physiological anemia", that is, the hemoglobin is lower than100g/L. At present, the World Health Organization stipulates that the hemoglobin is lower than 1 10g/l, but more than half of pregnant women in China have anemia, which deserves attention.
Prenatal examination should check hemoglobin every 1 ~ 2 months; In the second half of pregnancy, in addition to protein and iron in the diet, it is necessary to supplement iron to prevent anemia; Anemia in pregnant women should be actively treated.
Pay attention to the determination of coagulation
Platelet is a kind of blood cell in blood, which has the functions of hemostasis and coagulation. When blood vessels are injured, platelets quickly adhere and gather at the wound, and release procoagulant substances, which interact with other coagulation factors in the blood to form blood clots, thus achieving the purpose of hemostasis. When thrombocytopenia or small vessel function is abnormal, bleeding is not easy to stop on its own. Lack of coagulation factors in blood, such as severe hepatitis hindering the production of coagulation factors and amniotic fluid embolism consuming a lot of coagulation factors, can cause non-coagulation bleeding, which usually poses a life threat to pregnant women.
Prenatal routine examination of bleeding, coagulation time and platelets is helpful to find coagulation disorders and deal with them as soon as possible.
Pay attention to regular urine routine examination.
Routine urine examination mainly examines urine color, transparency, pH, specific gravity, protein, sugar, and red blood cells, white blood cells and casts under the microscope. Prenatal urine test mainly includes the last five items. Normal pregnant women's urine should have no or only trace protein, no sugar, no more than 5 white blood cells, no red blood cells and casts under high magnification of microscope.
The first prenatal examination, in addition to asking in detail whether there is a history of nephritis and urinary system infection, should also do routine urine examination. If there are many white blood cells, red blood cells, casts or a large amount of protein in urine, accompanied by hypertension and renal insufficiency, the pregnancy will be terminated.
Pay attention to check the blood type regularly.
Some pregnant women will bleed a lot during childbirth, causing shock to pregnant women and life-threatening in severe cases. At this time, blood transfusion is necessary for pregnant women. If the blood type has been tested in advance, blood matching and transfusion can be carried out immediately. Otherwise, the temporary blood type test will delay the rescue opportunity. Blood type is inherited by both parents. If the mother is O-type, the father is A-type or B-type, and the child can be A-type or O-type or B-type or O-type ... Humans can also contact natural A-type and B-type substances in various ways to produce anti-A or anti-B antibodies in the blood. If the blood types of pregnant women and fetuses are incompatible, the anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the blood of pregnant women with O-type blood can reach the fetuses through the placenta, which will lead to the agglutination and rupture of fetal red blood cells, leading to hemolysis. Excessive destruction of red blood cells will lead to jaundice and anemia in fetuses and newborns, that is, neonatal hemolysis. In severe cases, jaundice may occur within 24 hours after birth, and brain tissue damage may cause nuclear jaundice and cerebral palsy, leading to lifelong disability or death due to heart failure.
Prevention of intrauterine infection of fetus
The mother and fetus are connected to the placenta through umbilical cord, but the blood between them is not connected. The trophoblast of villi is selective to the substances in maternal blood and can also resist the invasion of pathogens. This function is called placental barrier.
After pregnant women are infected, the placental barrier can play a certain role in protecting the fetus. However, before the third month of pregnancy, the placenta has not been fully formed, and the barrier function is not perfect enough, so that some pathogens can enter the fetus through the placenta and cause intrauterine infection.
Pay attention to drugs that affect fetal development
Drugs sometimes cause deformities. Therefore, if there is a minor illness in the early pregnancy, it is best not to take medicine. Of course, I don't mean that I don't take medicine for any illness. Remember to take medicine under the guidance of a doctor and choose drugs that are harmless to the fetus. If you have to take some drugs because of your illness, and use harmful drugs during the teratogenic sensitive period, it is best to treat pregnant women first and then do induced abortion for the sake of fetal health and intelligence, so as to escort future pregnancy.
Never blindly protect the fetus, let alone listen to any "folk prescription" or "secret recipe", so as not to cause more harm to the fetus.
Pay attention to drugs that can cause fetal congenital deafness.
Pregnant women can directly reach the fetus through the placenta between the fetus and the mother after applying drugs, which has the same pharmacological effect. The first three months of pregnancy is the key stage of the most differentiation of fertilized eggs, and various organs of the fetus are forming. During this period, the drugs used by pregnant women have the most obvious influence on the growth and development of the fetus. Congenital deafness in children is closely related to the use of some ototoxic drugs by mothers during pregnancy. If pregnant women use ototoxic drugs in the first three months of pregnancy, it will lead to fetal congenital deafness.
Congenital deafness caused by drug poisoning is more common in aminoglycoside antibiotics. Streptomycin has the greatest damage to auditory nerve, followed by gentamicin, kanamycin and neomycin. In addition, antibiotics such as violcin, vancomycin, kasugamycin, listeriomycin, ambomycin, polymyxin B, balomomycin, nitamycin, etc. also have different degrees of ototoxicity, leading to fetal congenital deafness. Quinine enters the fetus through the placental barrier, destroying the fetal auditory organs and leading to congenital deafness. Other drugs or chemicals such as salicylic acid, sulfanilamide, uric acid, furosemide, propranolol, morphine, tobacco, wine, arsenic, lead, phosphorus, mercury, benzene and carbon monoxide can cause deafness.
Pay attention to the harm of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome to fetus
The fetus and the mother are connected by umbilical cord, which is adsorbed on the mother's uterus through the placenta and absorbs various nutrients from the mother. When the mother suffers from pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, it will not only harm herself, but also affect the fetus.
During pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, systemic arteriospasm and placental dysfunction will affect the growth and development of the fetus, leading to fetal weight loss and growth retardation. In severe pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, on the basis of decreased placenta function, there will be intravascular embolism or placental abruption, resulting in fetal distress, even stillbirth, stillbirth and neonatal death. When the mother's condition is serious, it is necessary to terminate the pregnancy in advance in order to control the condition, so the incidence of premature infants is high, the living ability of premature infants is poor, and the children with pregnancy-induced hypertension are weak, so the mortality rate is also high.
For pregnant women with unexplained abortion, stillbirth and severe neonatal jaundice, both husband and wife should check their blood type and Rh factor. If the pregnant woman has blood type O and her husband has blood type A, B or AB, ABO hemolysis may occur. If the pregnant woman is Rh negative and her husband is Rh positive, there is a possibility of Rh blood group incompatibility. Pay attention during pregnancy and do necessary examinations.
For pregnant women suspected of fetal or neonatal hemolysis, such as pregnant women who had stillbirth, stillbirth or hemolytic children in the past, both husband and wife should go to the hospital for blood group serological test and antibody test when they are pregnant again to predict the possibility of fetal or neonatal hemolysis, so as to take preventive measures as soon as possible and design rescue plans. For children with hemolysis, blood exchange and phototherapy are feasible, which is very beneficial to reduce the complications of central nervous system.