Although the construction of smart cities in China is in full swing, what exactly is a smart city, how to start the construction of smart cities, and what should we pay most attention to in many sub-sectors of smart cities?
This paper will share the report "China Smart City Research Report 20 19", explain the conceptual framework, development background and overall status of smart cities, focus on the application of smart security, smart transportation and smart communities, and also study the innovative practice of smart construction in some cities in China.
What is a smart city?
The concept of "city" began to rise at the end of primitive society. After thousands of years of development and evolution, we have always focused on the core elements such as people, environment and information, and gradually improved the urban infrastructure construction and optimized the urban internal spatial structure. As a new model and concept of modern city operation and governance, smart city is an inevitable stage in the development of modern city, based on complete network communication infrastructure, massive data resources, multi-domain business process integration and other information and digital construction.
The participants of "smart city" are mainly governments and enterprises, but there is no unified and clear authoritative definition at present because of different starting points and emphases. Smart city is a brand-new concept and model. Based on information and communication technology (ICT), it comprehensively perceives, analyzes, integrates and processes all kinds of information in the urban ecosystem, realizes the interconnection between various systems, makes intelligent response and decision support to all kinds of needs in urban operation management in time, optimizes urban resource scheduling, improves urban operation efficiency and improves citizens' quality of life.
The network communication technology (ICT) architecture of smart cities consists of five layers from bottom to top, namely, IOT perception layer, network communication layer, computing storage layer, data and service integration layer and smart application layer. In addition to infrastructure, it also includes construction management system, security system and operation and maintenance management system.
What is the development background and overall status quo of smart cities?
So far, urban development has basically completed infrastructure construction, and has begun to change from external construction to internal governance. On the one hand, with the acceleration of urbanization, urban problems such as traffic congestion and environmental pollution are prominent; On the other hand, with the improvement of people's economic level, more livable, convenient and safe urban life has become people's new pursuit; At the same time, driven by increasingly mature technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing, smart cities have successfully entered the track of urban construction and achieved rapid development under the guidance of the government and the support of enterprises.
Since the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development launched the first batch of national smart city pilot projects at the end of 20 12, the number of smart city pilots in China has been increasing continuously, reaching nearly 600 by the end of 20 16, among which the first three batches of national smart city pilot projects announced by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development totaled 290. 20 17 is the second year that China put forward "new smart city", and 73.68% cities above prefecture level have begun to fill in the index data of new smart city.
China smart city pilot has basically covered all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. Most of the cities and regions selected as smart cities in China are located in the coastal areas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Shandong has the largest number of smart cities with 30 pilots, followed by Jiangsu with 28 pilots and Hunan with 22 pilots. There is still a big difference between the east and the west of the smart city pilot. Except Macau, Hongkong and Taiwan Province Province, there are only two smart city pilot projects in Tibet.
The Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Smart Cities emphasizes that the construction of smart cities must be people-oriented and pragmatic. The development of smart cities should take "people" as the core and build a smart city ecology around "people". The ecological participants around users in smart cities in China mainly include managers, application developers, system integrators, service operators and third-party organizations.
Three application fields of smart city
On the basis of policy support and complete infrastructure, the application scenarios of smart cities are increasingly rich, such as smart security, smart transportation, smart community, smart business, smart tourism, smart environmental protection and smart energy. Smart security, smart transportation and smart society are the three major areas with the highest demand, the fastest landing and relatively mature technology and services in the development of smart cities.
1, intelligent security
From 20 15, the security industry gradually introduced AI technology, and the word "smart security" began to enter the public's field of vision. Smart security breaks through the boundaries of traditional security, further integrates with IT, telecommunications, architecture, environmental protection, property management and other fields, expands the industrial connotation around the security theme, and presents a "big security" industrial pattern with complementary advantages and coordinated development.
2. Intelligent transportation
Traffic is the core artery of a city and an important part of smart city construction. As a new service system, Intelligent Transportation makes full use of the next generation information technologies in the transportation field, such as Internet of Things, spatial perception, cloud computing and mobile Internet, to control and support all aspects of traffic management, transportation and public travel, as well as the whole process of traffic construction management, so that the transportation system has the ability of perception, interconnection, analysis, prediction and control in regions, cities and even larger spatial areas, thus fully ensuring traffic safety, giving full play to the efficiency of transportation infrastructure and improving the level of traffic management.
3. wireless city
Community is the "cell" of a city. As an important part of smart city, smart community is a new model and form of community management. It takes community residents as its service core, and provides residents with a safe, efficient, comfortable and convenient living environment by using the integrated application of new generation information and communication technologies such as Internet of Things, cloud computing and mobile Internet, so as to fully meet their needs for life and development.
Smart community covers all kinds of services within and around the community. The community mainly includes infrastructure services such as smart home, smart property, smart lighting, smart security and smart parking. The surrounding communities mainly include people's livelihood services such as smart pension, smart medical care, smart education, smart retail, smart finance, smart housekeeping, and smart energy.
Challenges and trends of smart city development
After nearly ten years of development, the construction mode of smart city is dominated by the government and invested a lot of money, and enterprises actively participate in providing technical and solution support. The construction of smart city, which seems to have successfully entered the fast lane, faces three challenges: how to improve economic benefits, ensure information security and realize cross-regional and cross-level information sharing.
Looking forward to the future, a people-oriented "smart society" will become the future vision for the construction and development of smart cities in China. At the same time, with the technology provided by enterprises becoming more and more mature, the government promotes the establishment of a unified data center, formulates a legal system for opening relevant data, and realizes cross-departmental data sharing. Data isolation in various fields will be broken and gradually integrated.
In addition, the construction of smart cities is not just a small project. Its wide coverage, many fields involved, large project scale and high capital investment all make the construction of smart cities need to be completed by many parties. Therefore, a large number of high-quality smart city participants such as government organizations, industrial alliances, academic research institutions, technology/products/operation service providers cooperate with each other to build a three-dimensional "system integration/operation/service+openness"