The history of Yangling, in a sense, is a history of China's agriculture and agricultural science and technology civilization. Historical records? Zhou Benji records that more than 4,000 years ago, Hou Ji, the earliest agricultural official in the history of China, "taught the people to plow and grow crops" in this area. It can be said that the history of China's farming civilization originated here.
1934, Mr. Yu Youren, a veteran of the Revolution of 1911, and General Yang Hucheng, a patriotic general, founded the first agricultural college in northwest China-National Northwest A&F University, the predecessor of Northwest A&F University.
After the founding of New China, the state and Shaanxi Province successively laid out and built a number of scientific and educational units of agriculture, forestry and water. By the time the 1997 demonstration zone was established, there were 10 agricultural education units, including two universities, five research institutes and three technical secondary schools. In less than 4 square kilometers of land, nearly 5000 scientific and educational talents from 70 disciplines of agriculture, forestry and water have gathered. There is another such place in the world, that is, Va Heneghan in the Netherlands. Therefore, at that time, people called Yangling "the agricultural city". Comrade Lan Qing said during his inspection of Yangling on 1996: "It can only be regarded as an agricultural township". Because of the lack of basic urban functions at that time, the infrastructure conditions were only a backward northern town.
It is precisely because of poor conditions and institutional problems that there has been a serious brain drain here since the reform and opening up. In the years before the establishment of the demonstration area, nearly 100 key talents were lost every year on average. In order to stabilize talents, give full play to the advantages of agricultural science and education, and promote agricultural development in arid and semi-arid areas, under the personal promotion of Comrade Lan Qing, the State Council approved the establishment of Yangling District on June 5438+July 65438+March 3, 1997, and implemented the leadership and management system of "provincial and ministerial cooperation", which was established by Shaanxi Province and the state 14 ministries (now it has been adjusted to 60. Shaanxi Province has also set up a provincial leading group composed of relevant departments.
The tasks entrusted to Yangling by the state are: through system reform and scientific and technological innovation, quickly transform scientific and technological advantages into industrial advantages, rely on scientific and technological demonstration and industrialization, promote the sustainable development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas of China, drive the strategic adjustment of agricultural industrial structure in this area and increase farmers' income, and finally contribute to the industrialization and modernization of agriculture in China. In "Thoughts on Agricultural Reform and Development", "Cultivate, attract and bring into play the role of talents". The combination of agriculture, science and education, the combination of Industry-University-Research, the reform of science and education system, the research and development of arid agriculture, foreign exchange and cooperation, the construction of provincial offices, the extension of agricultural industrial chain, and the reform of administrative system have played an exemplary role.
Second, the progress of the demonstration area construction
With the concern and strong support of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the Ministry of Construction, and under the correct leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, after more than eight years of efforts, the demonstration area has made remarkable progress in infrastructure construction, reform of science and education system, investment attraction, industrial development, demonstration radiation, increasing farmers' income and opening to the outside world. Comrade Lan Qing said: Great changes have taken place.
Generally speaking, in the past eight years, the demonstration zone has successfully completed the rapid start and initial venture, and is accelerating the second venture, maintaining a good momentum of sustained, rapid and healthy development. Outstanding performance in four aspects: first, it has initially changed the face of "the hometown of agriculture" and built the prototype of a modern agricultural city; Second, it has promoted the effective integration of scientific and educational resources in the region, realized the organic integration of scientific research and teaching system for the first time in China, and significantly enhanced the scientific and educational strength and scientific and technological innovation ability; Third, the pace of transformation of achievements has been accelerated, and the development of agricultural high-tech industries has a certain scale and foundation; Fourth, actively implement scientific and technological demonstration, further enhance the demonstration radiation function at home and abroad, and further expand the benefits.
The GDP of the whole region increased from 309 million yuan in 1997 to1800 million yuan in 2005, with an average annual growth rate of 24.6%. The income from technology, industry and trade increased from several million yuan to 5.6 billion yuan in 2005, with an average annual growth rate of 40%; Foreign trade exports grew out of nothing, reaching $57 million in 2005, ranking third among cities in Shaanxi Province. Fiscal revenue increased from1369 million yuan in 1997 to1780 million yuan, an increase of nearly 12 times, of which local fiscal revenue1230 million yuan, with an average annual growth of 36%; After the goal of "doubling" on the basis of 1997 put forward by Comrade Lan Qing in 2003, the per capita net income of farmers still maintained rapid growth, reaching 35 17 yuan in 2005, with an average annual growth rate of 12.2%.
The main progress is:
(a) the construction of urban infrastructure and public service facilities with a high starting point and high standards, and the continuous improvement of urban functions.
Changing the backward infrastructure conditions is the primary task after the establishment of the demonstration area. With the strong support of the Ministry of Construction, the provincial party committee, the provincial government and the provincial construction department, the total investment in infrastructure construction was 3.5 billion yuan. More than 300,000 square meters of high-standard housing projects, business start-up centers with complete incubation functions, four-star international convention and exhibition centers, standard high schools, primary schools and kindergartens with first-class facilities, leading water sports centers in Asia, hospitals in third-class demonstration areas, municipal road networks of more than 40 kilometers, the only natural gas thermal power plant with centralized heating in the province, new waterworks, sewage treatment plants, garbage treatment plants and urban heating centers. The drainage pipe network in the old city has partially realized rain and sewage diversion, most old streets have been transformed, beautified and brightened, and the living and shopping conditions of the surrounding people have been greatly improved. On the basis that every village in the countryside has asphalt roads, one third of the roads in the village have hardened. The per capita housing area of urban residents has increased from 5.3 square meters to 38.4 square meters at present, an increase of more than six times. The urban green space rate reached 3 1.3%, and the per capita public green space increased from 5.4 square meters to 1 1.7 square meters, an increase of 1 times. It has successfully passed the international and domestic certification of ISO 1400 1 environmental management system and the acceptance of provincial health districts, and is actively carrying out the creation of national health cities and environmental protection model cities. Some bottlenecks such as electricity, heating and finance that restrict industrial development have also made progress to varying degrees. Yangling is changing from a backward rural town to a modern "agricultural city" with perfect urban functions, obvious advantages in science and education, outstanding industrial characteristics and beautiful ecological environment. On the basis of curbing the brain drain, high-level talents began to return.
(2) Through the reform of science and education system, science and education resources have been effectively integrated, and the strength of science and education and the ability of scientific and technological innovation have been significantly enhanced.
1September, 1999, with the approval of the State Council, the original ten agricultural scientific research and teaching units were merged into two universities, Northwest A&F University and Yangling Vocational and Technical College, which realized the first substantive merger of educational and scientific research units in China. After six years' exploration, a new pattern of running a school with the combination of agriculture, science and education and the integration of Industry-University-Research has been initially established. The scale, level and strength of the two universities have been significantly enhanced. The number of undergraduates increased from 6,543,800+to 27,000, and the number of graduate students increased from 760 to 4,900. The vitality inspired by the new system and mechanism has promoted the leap-forward development of scientific and technological innovation and high-tech industrialization, and produced a number of international-level achievements in many fields such as dry farming, soil and water conservation, wheat hybrid breeding, biopharmaceuticals, somatic cell cloning and human stem cell research. The transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements has increased from 32% to 45%. A large number of scientific and educational personnel left the school to establish or lead scientific and technological enterprises, and a number of scientific and technological achievements were industrialized.
At the same time, the working mechanism of close cooperation and benign interaction between the demonstration area and the two universities has basically taken shape, the cohesion has been further enhanced, and Industry-University-Research has been more closely integrated. On this basis, we will work together to promote foreign scientific and technological demonstration on a larger scale and at a higher level.
(3) By promoting the integration of Industry-University-Research and the transformation of achievements, the development of agricultural high-tech industries has begun to take shape.
Since the establishment of the demonstration zone, we have been paying attention to promoting the transformation of achievements and expanding investment attraction to promote the rapid development of industries in the zone. By the end of 2005, there were 849 registered enterprises, including 30 enterprises with a registered capital of over 5 million yuan/kloc-0 and 22 foreign-invested enterprises. In 2005, the total output value of industrial enterprises above designated size in the whole region was 654.38+62.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 23%.
Leading industries and backbone enterprises have developed rapidly, and high-tech industries focusing on biopharmaceuticals, food processing, environmental protection agricultural materials and improved seed breeding have begun to take shape. The concentration of Yangling pharmaceutical industry is second only to Xi 'an High-tech Zone, ranking second in the province. There are 18 pharmaceutical enterprises, of which 1 1 has passed GMP certification. After the completion of the second phase project of Hengtong Guanghua with an annual output of 500 tons of tylosin, the annual production capacity will reach 800 tons, making it the second largest animal antibiotic producer in the world and the largest in Asia. Three high-tech enterprises, such as Dai Ying Bio, Fuwank and Bodison, have successfully listed in the United States, and Hengxing Juice has successfully cooperated with Singapore Jiafu Group, which indicates that the pace of enterprises entering the demonstration zone has been further accelerated and their development level has been significantly improved. In the field of environmental protection agricultural materials, there are 47 agrochemical enterprises represented by Fuwanke and Bodison, and Yangling has become the most important production base of environmental protection agricultural materials in northwest China. The sales networks of two large agricultural chain enterprises, Hengtong Chain and Qinfeng Chain, have covered major counties and districts in the province, with more than 2,000 outlets. In the field of green food, there are 38 food processing enterprises with an annual sales income of about 800 million yuan. With an annual production capacity of 6.5438+0.8 million tons, Hengxing Company has become one of the three major apple juice processing enterprises in China, and Lihua wine industry, contemporary bee products and Shengsang beverage have become well-known regional brands.
Relying on Yangling's unique advantages in animal and plant biological breeding, transgenic, embryo inheritance, cloning technology, cell engineering, dry farming and water-saving agriculture, and the development and utilization of plant resources, it has absorbed advanced technological achievements at home and abroad and cultivated a number of enterprises with strong scientific and technological innovation capabilities. As a small high-tech enterprise, Dai Ying Company entered the innovation center of the demonstration area in 2000. In just five years, it has developed into a well-known high-tech enterprise holding two domestic pharmaceutical enterprises, cooperating with many famous large companies in the United States and Malaysia, launching a number of high-tech new products, and successfully listing on NASDAQ in the United States.
At the same time, we further strengthened the investment promotion work by strengthening the incentive mechanism, improving the investment promotion mode, improving the professional level of the investment promotion team and mobilizing the enthusiasm of all employees. In 2005, the actually paid-in foreign capital was 880 million yuan. The construction of business incubators was further strengthened. The incubation area of the Entrepreneurship Center has reached 30,000 square meters, with 89 incubating enterprises and 29 graduated enterprises.
(4) The problem of rural development and farmers' income increase in the whole region has been initially solved, and it continues to maintain a good development momentum.
In 2005, the per capita net income of farmers in the whole region was 35 17 yuan and 12.2% since 1997, which was 7.9 percentage points higher than that of the whole province and 8.0 percentage points higher than that of the whole country. In 2004, the Provincial Party Committee arranged the Political Research Office of the Provincial Party Committee to investigate the problem of increasing farmers' income in Yangling and spread the relevant experience to the whole province.
First, actively explore new ways of rural industrialization development. Mainly driven by leading enterprises, we will develop animal husbandry focusing on dairy industry and facility agriculture focusing on pollution-free vegetables and miscellaneous fruits, explore and summarize new mechanisms and models for increasing farmers' income, and organically combine market, enterprises, farmers and science and technology. For example, Benxiang Group, which specializes in producing safe pork, has established more than 30 breeding bases in Baoji, Xianyang, Xi and Hanzhong in the form of "company+association+farmers", and promoted scientific breeding technology and advanced segmentation processing technology, which has driven more than 5,000 farmers in Yangling and surrounding areas to increase their income and become rich. Lv Jia Company, which specializes in the production and processing of pollution-free fruits and vegetables, has driven farmers in this area to develop pollution-free vegetable cultivation according to the business model of "company+farmers", and farmers' income has greatly increased. Pay attention to the role of professional associations, improve the degree of farmers' organization, and develop various farmers' professional associations 19. In addition, some business-minded farmers have also demonstrated their skills in the development of agricultural industry and set up enterprises. Jiang Weisuo, a farmer entrepreneur, started from 350,000 yuan. On the one hand, he joined hands with dairy enterprises to promote mechanized milking, and the price of fresh milk per catty was higher than the market price in 0.3 yuan. This alone will increase the income of dairy farmers by more than 6,543,800 yuan a year.
The second is to coordinate urban and rural development and build an ecological and civilized new countryside. Strengthen rural infrastructure construction, increase investment in rural biogas, toilet improvement, tap water supply to households, village road hardening, garbage removal, village greening and beautification, rural cultural and medical facilities construction, improve rural production and living conditions, and promote rural all-round development. Up to now, rural roads14 1 0.5km have been built, 2 biogas digesters have been built, 5,000 households have improved toilets, 41administrative villages have tap water, 2 100 households have cable TV, and 30 informatization demonstration households have been established. The new rural cooperative medical system was launched in an all-round way, and more than 70% farmers participated in the cooperative medical system.
The third is to pay close attention to rural basic education and farmers' training. In recent years, the quality of basic education in the demonstration area has been gradually improved, with the enrollment rate of high school reaching more than 60% and the enrollment rate of primary school reaching 1.000% for many years. The rural primary schools in the whole region were merged from 49 to 25, which optimized the educational resources and improved the conditions for running schools, and passed the acceptance of the provincial "General Education Experimental Zone". Integrate the cultivation resources of universities, scientific research units, various vocational schools and government departments in the region, and increase the training of farmers. The government arranges special funds for farmers' training. In 2005, government departments organized more than 150 trainings for farmers and trained more than 6,000 farmers.
The fourth is to care about the lives of rural vulnerable groups. In the whole region, according to the principle of "all insurance should be guaranteed and dynamic management", the rural minimum living standard is established with the annual income 1000 yuan as the standard. All rural only-children, double-female sterilization households and children from poor families enjoy free compulsory education. In the past three years, no student in primary and secondary schools in the whole region dropped out of school because of poverty. It took two years and invested 2 million yuan to solve the housing problem of more than 200 poor rural households. We have strengthened the skills training for landless peasants, solved the employment problem through multiple channels, and are actively exploring the establishment of an effective guarantee mechanism for landless peasants.
(five) actively carry out foreign science and technology demonstration, to further expand the radiation effect.
The working mechanism of division of labor, cooperation and benign interaction between the demonstration area and the two universities has been established, which has promoted the development of * * * and further enhanced the joint force of foreign scientific and technological demonstrations. In 2005, demonstration and promotion bases 1 1 were built inside and outside the province, reaching a total of 140. * * * More than 700 species of famous animals and plants at home and abroad were introduced and popularized, more than 4 million farmers were trained, and more than 0/000 items of practical agricultural technology were popularized. The demonstration and promotion area of improved varieties of agricultural and forestry crops was nearly 200 million mu. The annual demonstration benefit is 654.38+0.2 billion yuan.
First, new progress has been made in the exploration and innovation of demonstration and promotion models. Actively explore the establishment of university-based agricultural science and technology extension model, get strong support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture and the provincial government, and set up Yangling Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Fund. The demonstration and promotion model of "company+scientific and educational personnel+farmers (bases)" has been further improved, and the interest mechanism of effective combination of scientific and technological demonstration subjects (universities and enterprises) and farmers has been further optimized. In accordance with the market-oriented operation mode, Yangling Ganxing Company organized Yangling first-class experts, relying on network technology to realize "farmers don't go out, experts are invited to their homes", and explored a new model of agricultural science and technology popularization, that is, "dynamic experts+companies+customers (including farmers, enterprises and governments)", which created useful experience for effectively solving the problem of "difficulty in entering households" of agricultural science and technology. Signed the first batch of agricultural science and technology program simulcast agreements with 10 county TV stations around Yangling TV Station, directly benefiting 5 million people.
Second, cross-regional cooperation based on projects has been expanding. In the past two years, the demonstration cooperation with many cities in the province has achieved initial results. The Xianyang-Yangling agricultural industry integration agreement signed with Xianyang has achieved initial results, and 65 projects have been implemented, benefiting farmers in more than ten counties and districts in Xianyang. Thirty-two enterprises, including Yangling Hengxing Juice, have successively established raw material production bases or achievement demonstration bases in Xianyang, and popularized and applied more than one item of new technologies and achievements 100. The cooperation of agricultural science and technology with Baoji City is mainly carried out in the form of "expert courtyard", which effectively promotes the development of Baoji agriculture and the increase of farmers' income. Agricultural science and technology and industrial cooperation with Baoji, Ankang, Hanzhong, Weinan and Shangluo have been comprehensively promoted, and 83 cooperation projects have been started. Outside the province, it has successively signed scientific and technological demonstration cooperation agreements with more than 20 municipal governments outside Gansu Pingliang, Tianshui, Huangnan Prefecture of Qinghai, Guyuan of Ningxia, Baise of Guangxi, Liaocheng of Shandong, Changji of Xinjiang and Yili. Northwest A&F University has cooperated with Xinjiang Changji Miquan Bio-pharmaceutical Company for many years, and jointly established an animal health care product factory with Yangling technology, with an annual economic benefit of more than 60 million yuan. Since the beginning of 2005, Yangling Ganxing Company has cooperated with Zhongwei Municipal Government of Ningxia to set up more than 20 remote terminals in the local area, carry out professional skills training for remote agricultural technology cadres, carry out remote training consultation activities 10, and train more than 300 township cadres.
Third, actively carry out professional skills training for farmers inside and outside the region. Since 2003, special funds for farmers' training have been arranged every year to carry out farmers' professional skills training. Last year, we formulated the Outline of Farmers' Training Planning in Yangling Demonstration Zone and the Administrative Measures for the Evaluation of Farmers' Technical Titles in Yangling Demonstration Zone, and established the Evaluation Committee of Farmers' Technical Titles. Training agricultural technicians, agricultural technicians and senior agricultural technicians for farmers in arid and semi-arid areas. In the past two years, we have compiled 8 kinds of practical teaching materials for farmers' training 150, and trained more than 6,000 farmers, with a training satisfaction rate of 86%. In 2005, two phases of evaluation of farmers' technical titles were carried out, and 284 farmers' technicians from Shaanxi, Fujian, Hainan and Shandong provinces 10 cities obtained technical title certificates. Some trained farmers have been employed by Shanghai, Shandong, Xinjiang and other places to engage in agricultural technical guidance. The brand of "Yangling Agricultural Science" has been deeply rooted in people's hearts.
Fourth, the demonstration radiation function of the agricultural high school association has been further enhanced. The agricultural high-tech fair jointly organized by provincial and ministerial departments has been successfully held for 12, becoming one of the four major scientific and technological exhibitions in China. The first session of Agricultural High School 12 was attended by tens of thousands of agricultural enterprises, scientific research and intermediaries and more than 9.5 million people from all provinces and cities in China and more than 30 countries and regions such as the United States, France and Japan, especially in the last four sessions, each session was attended by 1 10,000 people. The total transaction volume of project investment and technical products is 654.38+0057 billion yuan; Organized 100 experts' lectures and consultation activities on agricultural practical technology, and provided consultation and training for more than 300,000 people. Through the agricultural high-tech meeting, a large number of agricultural high-tech achievements have been transformed, a large number of practical technologies have been popularized, and information on science and technology, talents, funds and materials have been disseminated and radiated.
(6) Persist in reform and innovation, establish a management system and operational mechanism that meets the requirements of the market economy and is in line with international standards, and initially form a good investment soft environment.
At the beginning of the establishment of the demonstration area, a lean and efficient management organization was established in accordance with the principle of "small government, big service". The CMC has only six bureaus, two offices and 60 civil servants. A series of reforms and innovations have been carried out in many aspects such as internal management system and operation mechanism. The recruitment of all staff is open; The appointment of cadres is mainly based on performance appraisal; The accounting agency system was implemented earlier in China, which realized the transparent and effective supervision of departmental funds; All engineering projects are included in the public bidding in the tangible market; The centralized government procurement system should be implemented in the procurement of bulk public goods; The monetization of the official car of middle-level cadres and the communication expenses of all staff basically embodies the principle of fair distribution, reduces administrative expenses and effectively overcomes the possible corruption caused by official car; Implement the responsibility system of service and handling affairs, and strive to establish an image of clean government, and so on. The factor market and socialized service system have been gradually established and improved. Intermediary service institutions such as business incubation, talent exchange, securities trading, patent information, credit guarantee, investment consulting, law, accounting and auditing have been set up to provide all-round social services for enterprises. A good investment and entrepreneurship environment has created favorable conditions for attracting talents, promoting investment and accelerating the development of agricultural high-tech industries.
We always regard environmental construction as the lifeline of survival and development, take the optimization of soft and hard environment as the basis and focus of all our work, and strive to create a first-class investment environment. Since 2003, the government-centered "service commitment system" and social credit construction activities have been implemented. All administrative, law enforcement departments and service guarantee units in the region, including their functions and responsibilities, service items, service standards, service time limit, punishment for breach of trust, complaint reporting methods, etc. , are specific and clear to the public, make a solemn commitment, and in accordance with the requirements of "keeping promises, breaking promises will be investigated", earnestly carry out supervision and assessment. Government departments and law enforcement units should focus on strengthening administration according to law, standardizing law enforcement, and improving work efficiency and service level; Enterprises mainly set up enterprise credit files through the activities of "protecting brands and creating famous brands", and standardize business management behavior from five aspects: operating according to law, paying taxes according to regulations, abiding by contracts, putting an end to counterfeiting and protecting employees' rights and interests. The construction of honesty facing the society focuses on improving the civilized quality of all citizens and cultivating new concept culture. In 2005, the satisfaction rate of enterprises entering the zone to the investment environment reached 96.8%, the satisfaction rate of all sectors of society to the government services reached 95%, and the satisfaction rate of the masses to the public security environment ranked first in the province 1 1 urban area for two consecutive years.