Schizophrenia is a group of mental diseases with unknown etiology. It is one of the most common mental diseases characterized by various obstacles such as perception, thinking, emotion and behavior, as well as the disharmony of mental activities and the disharmony between mental activities and the environment.
This disease mostly occurs in young adults, with general unconsciousness, mental retardation and prolonged course.
1) clinical type;
Schizophrenia can be divided into different types according to different clinical symptom groups. This division is based on psychopathology.
Common types are:
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2. Types of youth
Mostly in adolescence, the onset is acute and the condition develops rapidly, reaching a peak within 2 weeks. Emotional changes are prominent, and the main symptoms are moodiness, affectation, grimacing and smirking; The content of thinking is bizarre and difficult to understand, and the thinking is broken; Childish and stupid behavior, often excited and impulsive behavior and instinctive (sexual desire, appetite) hyperactivity; There is also the performance of intentional inversion; Obvious confused hallucinations or delusions. The disease progresses rapidly and the prognosis is poor.
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3) medication principle
Application principles of antipsychotic drugs:
1. Classification of antipsychotics
Commonly used antipsychotics can be divided into the following categories according to their chemical structures:
Phenothiazines: chlorpromazine, perphenazine, trifluoperazine, fluperphenazine, thiopyridazine, etc.
② Butyl benzene: haloperidol, penfluridol, etc.
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2. The principle of drug treatment
① The treatment of antipsychotic drugs should be systematic and standardized, emphasizing early, adequate and full-course treatment.
② In order to make a definite diagnosis, drug therapy should be started as soon as possible.
③ Start with a small dose and gradually increase to the therapeutic dose. Generally, acute treatment lasts for 2 months, and then gradually decreases.
④ Maintenance treatment has a positive effect on reducing recurrence or re-hospitalization.
1 The maintenance treatment for the attack is 1-2 years, and the maintenance treatment time for the second or multiple relapses is longer, even taking medicine for life. The dose of maintenance therapy should be individualized, which is generally 1/2- 1/3 of the dose in acute treatment.
The maintenance treatment dose of psychotropic drugs shall not be less than 300 mg per day (converted from chlorpromazine). In principle, single medication.
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5) Nursing measures
1. Acute phase
In the acute stage, it is mainly to do a good job in patient safety nursing. In recent years, psychiatric clinical medical workers have observed that suicide or injury of schizophrenic patients is the most difficult to prevent. Therefore, both inpatients and outpatients should be vigilant to prevent patients from committing suicide and hurting others.
According to DSM-ⅲ-R III-R data, 50% of schizophrenics attempted suicide, and 65,438+00% committed suicide.
2. Chronic phase
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Love tip: Please consult the local regular (Chinese medicine) hospital for the above drugs, and choose according to the physiological characteristics and different pathological conditions.
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