Classification and judgment of TCM constitution
Editor's Note: On April 9, 2009, the Chinese Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine officially issued the Standard for Classification and Judgment of TCM Constitution, which is the first document in China to guide and standardize the research and application of TCM Constitution, aiming at providing basis for constitution identification and prevention, health care and health management of TCM Constitution-related diseases, and making constitution classification scientific and standardized.
According to this standard, physique can be divided into peace, qi deficiency, yang deficiency, yin deficiency, phlegm-dampness, damp-heat, blood stasis and qi stagnation. Nine qualitative and idiosyncratic types were established by interdisciplinary methods such as epidemiology, immunology, molecular biology, genetics and mathematical statistics, which were repeatedly demonstrated by TCM clinical experts, epidemiologists and physique experts? A standardized tool for physique identification was established, and it was further improved in the National 973 Plan "Basic Research on Physique Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Fitness Thought".
Through the 2 1948 case epidemic? According to epidemiological investigation, this standard is instructive, universal and referential, and is suitable for TCM clinicians, scientific researchers and related managers engaged in TCM physique research, and can be used as clinical practice, criterion and quality evaluation? An important reference for. This standard has been tried out in many centers for preventing diseases, Chinese medicine research institutes and 26 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions (including Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province Province).
Pinghe quality (type a)
Overall characteristics: Yin and Yang harmonize qi and blood, with moderate posture, rosy complexion and full of energy as the main characteristics.
Physical characteristics: symmetrical and strong.
Common manifestations: complexion,? Moist complexion, thick and shiny hair, bright eyes and nose, smooth sense of smell, rosy lips, not easy to get tired, energetic, cold and hot, good sleep, good appetite, normal defecation, red tongue, thin and white fur, and pulse? Gentle and powerful.
Psychological characteristics: easy-going and cheerful personality.
Incidence trend: usually less sick.
Adaptability to external environment: Strong adaptability to natural environment and social environment.
Qi deficiency (type b)
Overall characteristics: lack of vitality, manifested as fatigue, shortness of breath, spontaneous sweating and other qi deficiency manifestations.
Physical characteristics: the muscles are soft and not firm.
Common manifestations: low voice? Weakness, shortness of breath, laziness, fatigue, mental fatigue, hyperhidrosis, red tongue, tooth marks on the edge of the tongue, and weak pulse.
Psychological characteristics: introverted, not adventurous.
Incidence tendency: easy to catch a cold, visceral ptosis, etc. Disease; Recovery from illness is slow.
Adaptability to external environment: not resistant to wind, cold, heat and humidity.
Yang deficiency (type c)
General characteristics: yang deficiency, manifested as chills, cold hands and feet, etc.
Physical characteristics: the muscles are soft and not firm.
Common manifestations: always afraid of cold, lukewarm hands and feet, like eating hot food, listlessness, tender tongue and slow pulse.
Psychological characteristics: how quiet and introverted.
Incidence tendency: prone to phlegm, swelling, diarrhea and other diseases; Feeling evil is easy to get cold.
Adaptability to the external environment: resistant to summer but not winter; Vulnerable to wind, cold and humidity.
Yin deficiency (type d)
General characteristics: less vaginal fluid, mainly manifested as dry mouth and throat, hand, foot and heart heat and other deficiency-heat manifestations.
Physical characteristics: thin body.
Common manifestations: fever in hands and feet, dry mouth? Dry throat, slightly dry nose, preference for cold drinks, dry stool, red tongue with little body fluid and rapid pulse.
Psychological characteristics: impatience, extroversion and liveliness.
Incidence tendency: easy to suffer from fatigue, nocturnal emission, insomnia and other diseases; Is it easy to feel evil? From heating.
Adaptability to external environment: resistant to winter but not to summer; Not tolerant of summer heat, heat and dryness.
Phlegm dampness (type e)
Overall characteristics: phlegm stagnation, physical obesity, abdomen? The main characteristics of phlegm-dampness are fullness and sticky mouth.
Physical characteristics: fat body, full and soft abdomen.
Common manifestations: greasy, sweaty and sticky facial skin, chest tightness and phlegm, sticky or sweet mouth, fat and sticky appetite, greasy fur and slippery pulse.
Psychological characteristics: gentle, steady and patient.
Incidence tendency: easy to suffer from thirst, stroke, chest pain and other diseases.
Adapt to the external environment? Ability: poor adaptability to rainy season and wet environment.
Damp heat (type F)
Overall characteristics: the connotation of damp heat is characterized by greasy face, bitter taste and yellow greasy fur.
Physical characteristics: medium or thin.
Common manifestations: dirty and shiny face, prone to acne, bitter mouth and dry mouth, heavy and sleepy body, sticky or dry stool, short and yellow urine, wet scrotum for men, red tongue for women, yellow and greasy fur and slippery pulse.
Psychological characteristics: easily agitated and impatient.
Incidence tendency: easy to suffer from furuncle, jaundice, cold water bath and other diseases.
Adaptability to the external environment: hot and humid in late summer and early autumn? Climate, wet weight or high temperature are difficult to adapt to.
Blood stasis (type G)
Overall characteristics: poor blood circulation, mainly manifested as dull skin color, red and purple tongue and other blood stasis.
Physical characteristics: both fat and thin.
Common manifestations: dull complexion, pigmentation, prone to ecchymosis, dull lips, dull or petechial tongue, dull or thickened sublingual collaterals and unsmooth pulse.
Psychological characteristics: easily fidgety and forgetful.
Incidence tendency: prone to abdominal pain, blood syndrome and so on.
Adaptability to the external environment: not cold-resistant and evil.
Qi stagnation (H type)
Overall characteristics: qi stagnation? Stagnation manifests itself as depression, anxiety and fragility.
Physical characteristics: the thinnest figure.
Common manifestations: depression, emotional fragility, melancholy, pale red tongue, thin white fur and thready pulse.
Psychological characteristics: introverted, unstable, sensitive and thoughtful.
Incidence tendency: easy to suffer from dirty impatience, plum blossom, lily disease and depression syndrome.
Adaptability to external environment: Adaptability to mental stimulation? Poor force; Not suitable for rainy days.
Intrinsic substance (type I)
General features: Congenital disorder, mainly manifested as physiological defects and allergic reactions.
Physical characteristics: people with allergies are generally not special; People with abnormal congenital endowment are either deformed or physically defective.
Common manifestations: allergic people often have asthma, wheezing, itchy throat, stuffy nose, sneezing and so on. Patients with hereditary diseases have vertical inheritance, congenital and familial characteristics; Patients with fetal diseases have the characteristics that the mother affects the growth and development of the individual fetus and related diseases.
Psychological characteristics: Different situations vary from person to person.
Incidence tendency: Is allergic constitution easy? Suffering from asthma, urticaria, hay fever and drug allergy; Hereditary diseases such as hemophilia and congenital stupidity; Fetal diseases such as five delays (standing late, walking late, hair late, teeth late, speaking late) and five soft (soft head, neck, hands and feet,? Muscle weakness, soft mouth), craniotomy, fetal shock, etc.
Adaptability to the external environment: poor adaptability, such as poor adaptability of allergic people to allergic seasons, is easy to cause chronic diseases.
Judgement of TCM Constitution Classification
Judgment method: Answer all the questions in the TCM Constitution Classification Judgment Table, score each question at 5 levels, calculate the original score and transformation score, and judge the constitution type according to the standard.
Traditional Chinese medicine physique standardization scale
Pinghe quality
1. Are you energetic?
2. Do you get tired easily? *
3. Are you weak? *
4. Are you bored? Are you happy or depressed? *
5. Are you more cold-tolerant than the average person (cold in winter, cold air conditioner and cold electric fan in summer, etc.)? )? *
6. Can you adapt to changes in the external natural and social environment?
7. Are you prone to insomnia? *
8. Do you forget things easily? *
deficiency of vital energy
1. Do you get tired easily?
2. Do you get short of breath easily?
3. Do you get flustered easily?
4. Do you get dizzy easily or when you stand up?
5. Are you more likely to catch a cold than others?
6. Do you like being quiet and too lazy to talk?
7. Are you weak?
8. Is it easy to sweat if you do more activities?
deficiency of yang
1. Are your hands and feet cold?
2. What happened to your stomach and back? Or is your waist and knees afraid of cold?
Do you feel cold and wear more clothes than others?
You are more afraid of cold in winter. Don't you like to blow electric fan air conditioner in summer?
5. Are you more likely to catch a cold than others?
6. Do you feel uncomfortable or afraid to eat (drink) cold food?
7. Is it easy to have loose bowels and diarrhea after catching a cold or eating (drinking) cold food?
deficiency of yin
1. Do you feel feverish?
Do you think your body and face are very hot?
3. What's wrong with your skin or lips?
4. Is the color of lips redder than the average person?
5. Are you prone to constipation or dry stool?
6. Are your cheeks red or red?
7. Do you feel dry eyes?
8. Do you feel thirsty and always want to drink water?
Phlegm dampness
1. Do you feel chest tightness or abdominal fullness?
Do you feel heavy, not relaxed or refreshed?
3. Is your abdomen plump and soft?
4. Is there too much oil secretion on the forehead?
5. Is your upper eyelid swollen (slightly raised) than others?
6. Do you feel sticky in your mouth?
7. Do you usually have a lot of phlegm, especially your throat? Is there phlegm blockage?
8. Is the tongue coating thick or greasy?
Damp heat constitution
1. Do you think your face or nose is greasy or shiny?
2. Is it easy to get pimples or boils on your face?
Do you feel bitter or have a bad smell in your mouth?
4. Do you feel sticky and uncomfortable?
5. What is your urethra when you urinate? Do you have a fever? Is your urine dark?
6. Is it yellow (yellow leucorrhea)? (female only)
7. Is your scrotum wet? (Male only)
Blood stasis
1. Will your skin be bruised unconsciously (subcutaneous bleeding)?
2. Do you have tiny bloodshot in the cheekbone area?
3. Do you feel pain?
4. Are you gloomy or prone to brown spots?
5. Will there be dark circles?
6. Do you forget things easily?
7. Are your lips black?
stagnation of the circulation of vital energy
1. Do you feel blue and depressed?
2. Are you nervous and anxious?
3. Are you sentimental?
4. Do you feel scared or scared easily?
5. Do you have pain in your ribs or breasts?
6. Do you sigh for no reason?
7. Do you have a foreign body sensation in your throat that you can't spit out and swallow?
inherent quality
1. Don't you catch a cold when you sneeze?
2. Do you have a stuffy nose if you don't catch a cold?
3. Do you cough and gasp because of seasonal change, temperature change or peculiar smell?
4. Are you susceptible to allergies (drugs, food, smells, pollen, seasonal changes, climate change, etc.)? )?
5. Do you have urticaria (wheal, rash, papule) on your skin?
6. Are you allergic to your skin? Have you ever had purpura (purplish red petechiae, ecchymosis)?
7. Is the skin red and scratched when scratched?
Expert answering questions
How to adjust after judging physical fitness?
Member of TCM Constitution Research Group and Associate Professor Cheng Ni of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine: Constitution can be adjusted. Physical fitness is both innate and acquired. The stability of constitution is formed by similar genetic background, and factors such as age and gender will also make constitution show certain stability. However, physical stability is relative. In the process of growth, individuals are influenced by many internal and external factors, such as environment, spirit, nutrition, exercise, disease and so on. Influence, will make the body change. Physical fitness has only relative stability and dynamic variability. This feature is the basis of adjustable physique.
Drugs and related treatments can correct the imbalance of yin and yang, qi and blood, and body fluid, which is the practical basis of physical adjustment. For example, the phlegm-resolving and dampness-removing prescription we created can reduce the accumulation of fat in the body, change lipid metabolism, reduce blood viscosity, improve phlegm-dampness constitution, reverse pathological fatty liver and prevent liver fibrosis.
Attaching importance to the internal relationship between different constitutions and diseases and the different responses to other drugs and other treatments is to implement individualized diagnosis and treatment and implement the idea of "different for different people"? In practice, according to different physique types or states, the dynamic imbalance tendency of yin and yang can be adjusted by supplementing qi and nourishing yin, warming yang and promoting diuresis, or relieving depression and promoting blood circulation, which embodies the therapeutic principle of "people-oriented" and "treating diseases for the root". Early detection, intervention in the biased state of constitution, etiology prevention, preclinical prevention and clinical prevention, so as to realize the regulation of rejecting evil, regulating disease prevention and regulating change prevention, thus practicing the "prevention of disease" in traditional Chinese medicine. Such as yang deficiency? People who are afraid of cold can eat more products such as beef and mutton, leeks and ginger, eat less raw and cold foods such as pears, watermelons and water chestnuts, drink less green tea and eat mutton soup with angelica and ginger.
Wang Qi, a native of Gaoyou, Jiangsu Province, is a professor at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, a doctoral supervisor of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and a leader of the national key discipline "Physiology of Traditional Chinese Medicine". Enjoy the present? Excellent expert enjoying special allowance from the State Council, one of the 500 old Chinese medicine practitioners selected by the Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Health and state administration of traditional chinese medicine, member of the Terminology Examination Committee of the National Committee for Scientific and Technological Terminology, member of the expert database of medical accident technical appraisal of the Chinese Medical Association, director of the Chinese Medical Association, deputy director of the Clinical Drug Evaluation Committee of the Chinese Medical Association, deputy director of the china sexology association Medical Professional Committee, and member of the Royal Medical Association. Chairman of the International Research Association for Constitution of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Engaged in clinical, scientific research and teaching work for more than 30 years. The research field is basic theory of TCM and andrology of TCM. The main research direction is TCM constitution theory. For the first time, the concept of TCM constitution theory was clearly put forward, and the editor-in-chief was Zhong? Medical Physiology and TCM Physiology divide TCM Physiology into an independent discipline. Edited the first monograph on andrology of traditional Chinese medicine in China, andrology of traditional Chinese medicine and andrology of Wang Qi, and established the theoretical system of andrology of traditional Chinese medicine. Many new theories of andrology diagnosis and treatment, such as "impotence is treated from the liver", male infertility is caused by "kidney deficiency, damp-heat and blood stasis", and prostatitis is treated by stages, have promoted the reform of andrology clinical diagnosis and treatment. Developed and invented the first new Chinese medicine "Shugan Yiyang Capsule" for treating erectile dysfunction and "Huangjingzanyu Capsule" for treating male infertility in China, and won two national invention patents. Saved the endangered abdominal diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine, published China Abdominal Diagnosis, and made abdominal diagnosis develop into a systematic discipline of traditional Chinese medicine. The editor-in-chief of "Zangxiang Studies of Traditional Chinese Medicine" built and improved the theory of Zangxiang Studies of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and established it as a discipline for the first time.
Attachment: 9 physical characteristics and adjustment methods
● Peace and quality? Features: Normal constitution. Adjustment: Eat moderately, don't eat cold, overheated or unclean food often, and match coarse and refined food reasonably.
● Qi deficiency? Features: soft muscles, low voice, easy to sweat, easy to fatigue, easy to catch a cold. Regulation: Eat more foods with the function of benefiting qi and strengthening spleen, such as soybeans, white lentils and chicken. Eat less water spinach and raw radish.
● Yang deficiency? Features: weak muscles, often cold hands and feet, wearing more clothes than others, not fond of air conditioning in summer, like quiet, quiet and introverted personality. Adjustment: You can usually eat more beef and mutton, eat less cold food such as pears, watermelons and water chestnuts, and drink less green tea.
● Yin deficiency? Features: how slim and how long, can't stand the heat, often feel dry eyes, dry mouth and throat, always want to drink water, dry skin, often dry stool, easy to lose sleep. Adjustment: Eat lean meat, duck, mung bean, wax gourd and other moist products, and eat less isothermal dry products such as mutton, leek, pepper and sunflower seeds. Suitable for Tai Ji Chuan, Taijijian, Qigong and other projects.
● Blood stasis? Features: rough skin, a lot of red silk in the eyes, and easy bleeding in the gums. Adjustment: Eat more hawthorn, vinegar, roses, etc. Eat less greasy products such as fat. You can participate in all kinds of dances, walking exercises, freehand aerobics, etc.
● Dampness? Features: Fat figure, full and soft abdomen. It's easy to sweat and sticky. I often feel a layer of oil on my face. Adjustment: Eat a light diet and eat more melons. Because of obesity, it is easy to get sleepy, so we should step by step according to our specific situation and persist in exercise for a long time.
● Hot and humid? Features: The face and nose tip are always shiny, prone to acne and itchy skin. I often feel bitter mouth, bad breath and bad temper. Adjustment: The diet is light, and you can eat more sweet and cold foods such as red beans, mung beans, celery, cucumbers and lotus roots. Suitable for middle and long distance running, swimming, mountain climbing, all kinds of ball games, martial arts and so on.
● qi stagnation? Features: thin body, often depressed, depressed, often chest tightness, often sighing for no reason, easy to lose sleep. Adjustment: Eat more foods such as day lily, kelp, hawthorn, roses, etc., which can promote qi circulation and relieve depression, and help digestion and wake up. People with depressed constitution should not always stay at home, but take part in mass sports activities.
● Special quality? Features: This is a group of people with special physique. Among them, people with allergic constitution are easily allergic to drugs, food, smell, pollen and seasons. Regulation: Eat more foods that can replenish qi and consolidate exterior, and eat less buckwheat (including allergenic substance buckwheat fluorescein) and broad beans. The room should be well ventilated. Keep the room clean, wash and dry bedding and sheets frequently to prevent dust mite allergy.