Section 1 Mental Health of Middle School Students
The concept of mental health is analyzed through examination, and the two meanings of mental health are multiple-choice questions and analysis questions. Common mental health problems of middle school students, obstacles of middle school students, multiple-choice questions, analysis questions, material analysis questions.
First, an overview of mental health
(I) The concept of mental health Mental health is a good and continuous mental state and process, which shows that individuals have vitality, positive inner experience and good social adaptation, and can effectively exert their physical and mental potential and positive social functions as members of society. Mental health should include at least two meanings: first, there is no mental illness; The other is to have a positive mental state.
(2) The characteristics of mental health should first be known that mental health is a dynamic rather than a static psychological activity. A mentally healthy person may also have great emotional fluctuations at a certain time or something, and even show unhealthy psychology. Therefore, only by mastering knowledge or seeking outside help to find and solve problems can we form a positive and healthy psychology. The level of mental health needs constant adjustment and maintenance. In addition, we should also know that mental health is relative, not absolute. Whether a person's psychology is healthy is different from whether a person's psychology and behavior are unhealthy. To judge a person's mental health, we can't simply draw a conclusion based on the current situation. Mental health is a mental state that lasts for a long time. It doesn't mean that a person's mental health (or poor psychological communication) depends only on the specific situation.
Second, the standard of mental health ① Normal intelligence: ② Moderate mood: ③ Sound will: ④ Stable and harmonious personality: ⑤ Correct self-awareness; ⑥ Harmonious interpersonal relationship: TH will adapt to good psychological characteristics and conform to age characteristics.
Third, the common mental health problems of middle school students
1. The concept of depression: Depression is a neurosis characterized by persistent depression. Manifestations: negative emotions, sadness, depression and indifference, loss of satisfaction and joy in life; Second, negative questioning, inferiority, incompetence, looking at things in a negative way, like self-blame, and have little hope for the future; Third, lack of motivation, passivity and enthusiasm; Fourth, physical fatigue, time loss, loss of appetite and so on. Treatment: For students with depressive symptoms, they should be allowed to do what they can, take active actions, and experience success and the pleasure of interacting with others. Cognitive behavioral therapy can also be used to change the derogatory thinking mode and inappropriate attribution mode of students' habits, and cultivate a more positive view of themselves and the future.
2. The concept of phobia: phobia is irrational fear of specific things and scenes that are not really harmful. Manifestations: Phobia can be divided into simple phobia, agoraphobia and social phobia. Social fear is common among middle school students, including fear of interacting with the opposite sex. People with social phobia are afraid to speak in social situations, afraid that they will expose their anxiety because of shaking hands, blushing, trembling voice and stuttering, and feel that they are not natural in speaking because they dare not look up at each other. Treatment: ① Situational oil therapy. Let students simulate the amount of social phobia, practice and repeat the plot of symptoms in an imaginary space, encourage students to face this scene, and let students adapt to this anxious and tense environment from imagination. ② Cognitive therapy. This is a kind of therapy that constantly instills ideas. Tell students that this fear is abnormal, and let them correctly understand the procedures and methods of interacting with others.
3. The concept of anxiety: anxiety is a threat that individuals can't achieve their goals or overcome difficulties, which leads to a decline in self-esteem and self-confidence, or an increase in sense of failure and guilt, forming an emotional state of tension and fear. Performance: The most common anxiety reaction of middle school students is exam anxiety. Its performance is that with the approach of the exam, the mood is extremely tense: during the exam, the attention can't be concentrated, the range of perception is narrowed, the thinking is rigid, the normal level can't be played, and it can't be relaxed for a long time after the exam. Treatment: adopting muscle relaxation and systematic desensitization, and using self-help cognitive correction procedures to guide students to use positive self-dialogue in the exam, such as "I can cope with this exam", "It's not important to learn to take the exam" and "It won't be the last time no matter what the exam result is", which has a good effect on relieving students' exam anxiety.
4. The concept of obsessive-compulsive disorder: obsessive-compulsive disorder includes obsessive-compulsive concept and compulsive behavior. The concept of compulsion means that the party concerned will involuntarily think about what he doesn't want to think, and compulsion means that the party concerned repeatedly does what he doesn't want to do. If he doesn't think and do this, he will feel extremely anxious. Forced hand washing, forced counting and repeated inspection (such as whether the door is locked) are the most common compulsive symptoms in life. Most people have had the concept of compulsion, but only when it interferes with our normal life is it a manifestation of neurosis. Treatment: ① Morita therapy. Morita of Japan stressed that the parties' efforts to control obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the concentration and expectation of symptoms caused by such efforts will only maintain and enhance obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Therefore, in order to correct the symptoms of compulsion, we should give up the intention of useless control over the concept of compulsion and adopt the attitude of "enduring pain and letting nature take its course" to treat compulsion. ② Exposure and prevention of reaction. 5. The concept of Internet addiction: Internet addiction of middle school students refers to the obsessive-compulsive state that middle school students can't resist using the Internet again because of excessive and improper use of the Internet, which affects their normal study and life. Performance: Internet addicts have some physical symptoms, such as dizziness, upset, chest tightness, nervous excitement, laziness and so on. However, the number of calls to parents and friends or gatherings with friends is less, and after logging off, they become empty, lost and unwilling to communicate with others. It can be seen that Internet addiction has affected middle school students' physical health, academic progress and interpersonal responsibility. Treatment: psychological intervention. The psychological intervention method of internet addiction is suitable for students who are really addicted to the internet.
Commonly used psychological intervention methods are as follows. ① Intensive intervention method: In the intervention of Internet addiction, the applicable condition of reward is to give reward, praise or positive evaluation once the addicted students are found to have reduced their online behavior. ② Aversion intervention method: Aversion intervention method refers to the method of reducing or eliminating some maladaptive behaviors through punitive aversion stimulation. The commonly used methods are rubber band stretching, disapproval of intervention and implicit sensitization. (3) Distraction method: Schools or classes organize various meaningful cultural and sports activities, so that the addicted students can participate in them, divert his attention and reduce his fascination with the Internet. ④ Substitution and delayed gratification: On the one hand, schools and teachers should help students cultivate substitution activities to attract their attention and find out their online habits, and then let them do other things in their original online time; On the other hand, understand the problem students' online time, include their total online time in the weekly plan, and gradually reduce their online time under the premise of control, so as to finally achieve the goal of quitting Internet addiction. ⑤ Group Counseling Method: Students with Internet addiction disorder are grouped into a group, with experienced teachers as instructors. Based on the theory of group dynamics, the principles and methods of group counseling are comprehensively applied to achieve the goal of making the group members quit Internet addiction as a whole.
Review the real questions 1. (20 19) Recently, Yang Guo always washes his hands repeatedly involuntarily. Even after washing it several times, he still felt very clean, knowing it was unnecessary, but he couldn't control himself. This means that he may have (? ) A. Depression B. Anxiety C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder D. Phobia 2. (Under 20 18) Jaco recently suffered from insomnia and loss of appetite, and was unwilling to associate with his classmates and teachers. He is not interested in anything, and he is negative and pessimistic: he thinks that he has accomplished nothing and has no hope for the future. His psychological problems are () A. obsessive-compulsive disorder B. anxiety C. depression D. phobia 3. (Last 20 18) In the intervention of student Li Gang's internet addiction, the teacher asked him to put a rubber band on his wrist. If he felt that he wanted to surf the Internet, he pulled the rubber band hard to play by himself. The method required by this teacher is called (? A. intensive intervention B. aversion to intervention C. diversion D. delayed satisfaction 4. (Next 20 16) [Material Analysis Question]-A senior three girl who received psychological counseling said: Since entering the senior three, she felt that she was shrouded in an atmosphere of intense study and welcoming the college entrance examination, and she was often upset, sometimes her academic performance was not good, and she was very upset all day. I often think of the college entrance examination, and I feel different from before. The heartbeat is much stronger than before, the body has an uncomfortable entertainment fever, the mind is out of control, and it is difficult to concentrate. I'm afraid of teachers asking questions. The teacher asked me to answer questions, and whether I could answer them or not, I was always incoherent and my voice trembled. Although I am often asked questions by teachers, I still can't eliminate this timidity. Before the exam, I will be very nervous. I can't sleep for a few days, and I will continue to suffer from insomnia. I am often too nervous to examine the questions carefully during the exam, and I feel my heart beating faster, my mind swelling and I feel angry. As a result, my exam results are getting worse and worse. Teacher, do you think I can change this situation? Please use materials to explain the main manifestations, causes and adjustment methods of middle school students' test anxiety. 1. [Answer] C [Analysis] Coercive behavior refers to the behavior that the parties repeatedly refuse to perform. If he doesn't think so or do so, he will feel extremely anxious. Forced hand washing, forced counting, repeated inspection (such as whether the door is locked) and forced ritual movements are common obsessive symptoms in life. The description in the stem of the question is a typical manifestation of compulsive behavior, so the correct answer is C. 2. 1 answer C. [Analysis] Depression is a neurosis characterized by persistent depression, which is manifested as negative emotions, such as hurting you, being depressed and indifferent, losing satisfaction and pleasure in life, etc. Second, you have a clear cognitive tendency, inferiority and incompetence. You look at things negatively, like to blame yourself, and have little hope for the future. Third, you lack motivation, passivity and enthusiasm. The stem describes the typical manifestations of depression. So the correct answer is c.3. [Answer] B [Analysis] Aversion intervention refers to the method of using punitive evil stimuli to reduce or eliminate some maladaptive behaviors. The commonly used methods are rubber band stretching, disapproval of intervention and implicit sensitization. In the stem of the question, the practice required by the teacher is the embodiment of aversion to intervention. So the correct answer is b.4. [Reference Answer] The most common anxiety reaction of middle school students is exam anxiety. Its performance is that the exam is approaching and the mood is extremely tense; Can't concentrate during the exam, narrow the scope of perception, rigid thinking, panic, unable to play the normal level; I can't relax for a long time after the exam. In the materials, female students are on tenterhooks all day, their hearts are racing, their thinking is out of control, and they are afraid of teachers asking questions in class, which is a typical manifestation of anxiety. Reason: (1) The unified examination in the school, continuous and excessive pressure for further studies, make students lack inner self-esteem and sense of value. (2) Parents expect too much from their children, students are competitive and have failed in school many times. (3) Individuals have a personality foundation that easily induces anxiety: they are easily nervous and timid, overestimate difficult situations, pay too much attention to slight physical discomfort, and blame themselves too much when encountering setbacks and failures. Adjustment method: adopting muscle relaxation and systematic desensitization, and using self-occupied cognitive correction procedures to guide students to use positive self-dialogue in the exam, such as "I can cope with this exam", "grades are not important, but learning is important" and "no matter what the exam result is, it will not be the last time", which has a good effect on relieving students' exam anxiety.