To this end, we should pay special attention to the following three points in the specific implementation.
1. Meet reasonable demand
The reasonable needs of primary school students mainly include material needs, security needs, sense of belonging, communication and love needs, respect and trust, etc. The reasonable satisfaction of these needs is the basic condition for primary school students to form and maintain their physical and mental health. If they are not properly satisfied, their normal development and growth will be affected, and it is impossible to have a healthy psychology. For example, if any pupil, as a member and partner of the class, is not recognized, accepted, respected and trusted for a long time, and is always rejected by teachers and classmates, he will not have a sense of security and self-esteem, and will feel lonely and depressed, which may lead to self-isolation, or on the contrary, lead to rebellious psychology, hatred, hostility and attack. Facts have repeatedly shown that if the opportunity to meet reasonable needs is deprived or suppressed and cannot be met through normal channels, people's mentality and behavior may tend to extremes and even take risks. There are many bad behaviors or criminal behaviors among primary and secondary school students, most of which are related to the fact that reasonable needs are not properly met. Schools are institutions that train talents for the country's economic and social development, and are formal and perfect education systems established according to national laws, regulations and policies. Therefore, in meeting the physical and mental development needs of primary and secondary school students, the opportunities and methods provided are the most reasonable, directional, educational and authoritative, which is unmatched by any family and other social departments. Therefore, in the process of mental health education for primary school students, we should actively and consciously give full play to the function of school education, not only pay attention to creating conditions for all primary school students and providing opportunities to meet their common needs, but also pay attention to the diversity and differences of individual needs, and adopt different methods to actively guide them so that they can have a correct understanding of their own needs and the normal ways to meet them. Otherwise, due to the lack of judgment and self-control, primary school students are easily influenced by unhealthy or inappropriate incentives to meet their needs, which leads to wrong behavior, and educators must pay full attention to this.
give guidance
Guidance includes group guidance and individual guidance. Collective counseling should be foresighted and advanced, which refers to taking appropriate measures to guide the general problems that appear or may appear in the process of physical and mental development of primary and secondary school students, so that they can realize the problems that they must or may face in their own growth and development, make preparations, and face them effectively with a positive and conscious attitude. For example, the primary school students of newcomers have changed from kindergarten children to primary school students, followed by changes in leading activities, from playing games to learning. With the changes of social roles and main activities, the requirements of families and society are also different. Pupils should strictly abide by the code of conduct for pupils, do their homework, study hard and make progress every day. Learning has become a social obligation that must be fulfilled. Such a great change will make all students psychologically adapt to school life. For example, senior primary school students face the physiological and psychological changes brought about by the early arrival of adolescence, and also have psychological preparation problems and psychological adaptation problems. These problems require teachers or other personnel to provide timely and effective counseling in a planned way, otherwise they will encounter difficulties and may be troubled, which is not conducive to physical and mental health. Individual guidance mainly refers to giving targeted help and guidance according to individual psychological differences. For example, helping individual pupils in learning motivation, learning attitude and methods, and helping and adjusting some negative problems existing in individual pupils that are not conducive to their physical and mental development, such as rebellious psychology, weariness of learning or personality weaknesses, all belong to individual guidance.
3. Timely treatment
As we know, the school is an all-round and comprehensive educational institution with a lot of work to do. Mental health education for primary school students is only an important part of primary school education, and it is impossible to use all manpower, material resources and financial resources to carry out it. At the same time, due to the complexity of primary school students' physical and mental development and health education, the differences between individuals and the diversity of family life and environmental influence, it is impossible to make all primary school students' mental health status reach a very ideal level. No matter how much the school attaches importance to mental health education, how meticulous the work is, and how remarkable the effect is, there will always be a few or individual primary school students with one or another serious psychological obstacles or mental diseases. This requires our staff engaged in mental health education for primary school students, as well as class teachers and counselors, to be good at identifying and discovering in time according to relevant knowledge, and to get in touch with relevant parents at any time, provide suggestions, and send them to medical psychological counseling and psychotherapy institutions in time, and professionals will make timely and effective adjustments and treatments. Because the psychological development of primary school students has not yet been finalized, even if all kinds of psychological problems are serious, as long as they are found and identified in time, sent to medical psychological consultation and treatment institutions in time, and accepted the help and adjustment of professionals, most students' psychological obstacles and mental diseases can be effectively eliminated and the curative effect is good.
It can be seen that it is necessary and possible for mental health educators in primary and secondary schools to have corresponding knowledge and experience. The key point is not treatment, but identification, which should be found in time to ensure timely and effective help and treatment by medical institutions and professionals.
Ways of mental health education for primary school students
The implementation of mental health education for primary and secondary school students has been clearly stipulated by the Ministry of Education in the Guiding Outline of Mental Health Education for Primary and Secondary Schools.
(1) There are various ways to carry out mental health education. Different schools should choose and use flexibly according to their own actual conditions, and pay attention to the comprehensive role of various ways and methods to enhance the effect of mental health education. The form of mental health education can be mainly games and activities in primary schools to create a good atmosphere of learning and gregarious; Junior high school focuses on activities and experiences, emphasizing the education of character cultivation while doing a good job in psychological quality education; Senior high school pays attention to experience and adjustment, and advocates close cooperation between in-class and out-of-class, education and guidance, consultation and service.
(2) Offering mental health elective courses, activity classes or special lectures. Including psychological training, problem analysis, situation design, role-playing, game counseling, psychological knowledge lectures, etc. The aim is to popularize scientific knowledge of mental health, help students master general mental health knowledge and cultivate good psychological quality. Mental health education should pay attention to prevent the tendency of discipline.
(3) individual consultation and counseling. Opening a psychological counseling room (or counseling room) for individual counseling is an effective way for teachers and students to give direct guidance to students' problems in their study and life, solve psychological problems, diagnose and correct related psychological and behavioral problems through one-on-one communication. For a few students with serious mental illness, they can be identified and referred to the medical psychological diagnosis and treatment department in time.
(4) Mental health education should run through school education and teaching activities. It is necessary to create a material environment, interpersonal environment and psychological environment that meet the requirements of mental health education. Seek the opportunity of mental health education, attach importance to the role of teachers' personality charm and teachers' role in education and teaching, and establish a new relationship between teachers and students that is democratic, equal and respectful. Mental health education should penetrate into classes, team activities and the work of class teachers.
(5) Actively open up channels for schools and families to implement mental health education simultaneously. Schools should guide parents to change the concept of educating children, understand and master the methods of mental health education, pay attention to the cultivation of their own good psychological quality, create an environment for family mental health education, and influence children with their parents' ideals, pursuits, personalities and behaviors.
Mental health education should be pragmatic, and form and content should be organically combined. The key issue is to create a school environment and family environment conducive to the mental health development of primary school students, including offering mental health education courses, establishing corresponding counseling institutions, and building a good campus culture, so as to provide good basic conditions for the mental health development of primary school students, so that they can feel safe at school and at home and get happy emotional experience. Only in this way can we reduce and eliminate all kinds of psychological and behavioral problems as much as possible and promote and improve primary school students.