Mental health education essentially includes developmental education and remedial education. Developmental education is mainly to cultivate and promote students' psychological quality and mental health purposefully and in a planned way, so that students' psychological quality can be continuously optimized. Remedial education is mainly to help students with poor mental state or psychological problems to restore them to normal state. These two kinds of education are also at different levels. Developmental education is mainly aimed at students who are developing normally and improving. Remedial education is mainly aimed at students with different degrees of psychological problems and is corrective.
Based on the above analysis and understanding of mental health education, we should do a good job in mental health education. First of all, we should create a good psychological development environment for students. Create a healthy educational environment, prevent students from falling into crisis frequently, and maintain students' psychological peace, positivity and smoothness. This is very important to realize the basic goal of mental health education. For example, seriously carry out quality education; Teachers and parents should adopt appropriate educational methods to establish a harmonious teacher-student relationship and parent-child relationship.
Second, adhere to the strategy of giving priority to development and giving priority to prevention. Mental health education in schools focuses on developing students' good psychological quality, maintaining and promoting students' mental health, rather than correcting and treating students with psychological problems. Focus on group development education and individual development education, actively carry out group remedial education and individual remedial education, and combine them organically on the basis of prioritizing. Carry out mental health education in a planned, purposeful and step-by-step way, so that students can constantly improve their psychological quality in the development of education and resist the influence of bad psychology; Make students put down their burdens in the supplementary education, get out of psychological misunderstanding as soon as possible, and develop a healthy and upward psychology.
At the same time, in order to better achieve the goal of mental health education, it is necessary to fully penetrate mental health education into all aspects of school work and form multi-channel implementation. Psychological quality education, psychological consultation and psychotherapy are special channels. However, it is not enough to be confined to special channels. Mental health education should permeate all the teaching, and teachers can permeate the corresponding mental health education content according to the characteristics of the teaching content and learning activities of this subject. At the same time, mental health education should also permeate all kinds of school activities, such as the work of class teachers and group activities. In this way, many non-specialized channels can be formed to promote the development of mental health education in schools.
Several methods of developing mental health education for primary school students;
Any kind of educational activity has its own characteristics. The biggest feature of mental health education is that it is an educational activity based on psychology. Therefore, adopt the following methods to carry out mental health education:
(1) Grasp the basic principles of psychology and understand the psychological characteristics of teenagers. The psychological characteristics of teenagers are the foothold of our work, and psychological principles are the methodology to guide our work. Puberty refers to the period from 1 1, 12 to 17, 18, which is roughly equivalent to the middle school stage. ② Teenagers are in a transitional period from childhood to adulthood, a period of "great storms" in life, and a period of rapid intellectual development, which is contradictory and turbulent. Aristotle thinks it is: "grumpy, easy to lose temper, easy to be driven by impulse and out of control." By puberty, teenagers' physiology, psychology and intelligence have changed greatly, and their self has gradually formed. However, the individual's body and mind are still very unstable, and polarization is easy to occur: emotional behavior is bipolar; "Middle school students are in a period of' big waves' of emotions and emotions, and the polarity of emotions and emotions is obvious." ③ Closed and open: closed to adults and open to peers; Rebellion: Rebellion against tradition, like to be unconventional. Adolescence is the most prone to psychological and behavioral problems. This is the basic psychological feature of teenagers, and grasping this feature plays a decisive role in our group mental health education. In addition, it is necessary to combine the individual with the general, analyze the specific problems of individual students, follow the basic principles of psychology, and conduct good mental health education for groups and individuals.
(2) Respect students' personal dignity and treat students with an equal and democratic attitude. Communication between teachers and students should be equal and two-way. Educational practice shows that many students with mental health problems often can't accept themselves and feel their value. They can only accept themselves if they are accepted by others first; Only by being respected by others can we respect ourselves. If teachers can't respect students, students will not feel self-esteem and mental health will not be effective. In the identification of students' psychological problems, we should adhere to the principle of combining scientific mental health standards with objective and scientific psychological abnormality identification methods. Under this principle, we should correctly grasp the normal psychological characteristics of primary and secondary school students and the law of development and change, and treat students' various behaviors correctly. For example, hyperactivity, easy distraction and low self-control ability are the characteristics of primary school students, especially junior students. We can't simply treat ADHD as a problem and think that ADHD is ADHD, even ADHD. Understanding students deeply is the premise of finding, judging and solving students' psychological problems. In addition, we must carefully distinguish and treat students' psychological problems, and avoid labeling and commenting at will. Some teachers rashly accuse students of being "retarded" and "abnormal", which is extremely irresponsible. When dealing with students' psychological problems, it is not advisable to jump to conclusions, and it is best to ask a psychologist for diagnosis. Finally, it is necessary to prevent the following kinds of discrimination. Regard general psychological disorder as serious psychological disorder; Problems mainly caused by psychological barriers are regarded as problems mainly or completely caused by physiological factors; Psychological obstacles mainly caused by improper education are regarded as psychological obstacles mainly caused by students' own factors or other social factors; Psychological obstacles caused by bad personality quality are regarded as psychological obstacles caused by intellectual factors; Treat psychological disorder as a bad moral quality. Only by scientifically judging the problems existing in students can we prescribe the right medicine.
(3) Developing education counseling. "Consulting psychology should always follow the educational model, not the clinical, therapeutic or medical model. Customers are considered to be normal people who need help to cope with the pressures and tasks in daily life. The task of consulting psychologists is to teach them to imitate certain strategies and new behaviors, so as to maximize their viability or form more appropriate resilience. " It can be seen that psychological counselors are considered as normal people rather than patients. We may not be able to associate the counselor with the patient and treat him as a mental patient. In psychological consultation, we should dilute psychological concepts, properly apply psychological principles and abandon the typical "paradigm" of a certain concept. At the same time, psychological counseling should not be confused with what we call "ideological work" every day It is necessary to use psychological principles and appropriate psychological counseling models to help counselors get out of the predicament.
(4) Establish scientific psychological files of students. One of the characteristics of students' psychological files is systematicness and coherence. Our mental health education is not a temporary need, but a long-term and systematic work. Establishing students' psychological files is conducive to the implementation of coherent follow-up education. It is convenient for us to make a comparative analysis by keeping the psychological status of students in each stage as files, so as to make a scientific education plan and realize the goal of mental health education. Scientific students' psychological files can not only provide rich first-hand information for the research of psychology and pedagogy; But also can be used as a reliable index to evaluate students' physical and mental development and the effect of school education. Therefore, to carry out mental health education, students' psychological files should be established as much as possible, which is conducive to systematic and coherent mental health education.
The necessity of developing mental health education is self-evident, and it is also a very scientific and methodological work. We should adhere to the scientific attitude, follow the law of psychological development, combine the basic principles of psychology under the guidance of correct educational ideas, and use scientific methods to deeply and comprehensively understand students' practical problems, so as to provide realistic possibilities for better realizing the goals of mental health education.