Adhere to safety. Take the protection of flight safety and the safety of important targets as the focus of legislative work, scientifically coordinate the relationship between management and use, and keep key links such as product quality, registration mark, personnel qualification and operation interval to reduce safety risks.
Adhere to innovation and development. Study and grasp the characteristics and laws of UAV operation, learn from international beneficial practices, strive to achieve breakthroughs in management measures such as classification, airspace designation, and plan application, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the industry and related fields.
Adhere to the problem orientation. Focus on regulating the operation and related activities of micro, light and small civil unmanned aerial vehicles, find out the existing contradictions, analyze the root causes, study and put forward measures, and draft terms. The fourth is to adhere to the combination of management and release. Define different management methods for UAVs with different security risks, release harmless micro UAVs, moderately release light UAVs with less harm, simplify the management process of small UAVs, and effectively manage medium and large UAVs. Fifth, adhere to the principle of * * *. Relying on the inter-ministerial joint working mechanism of unmanned aerial vehicle management, we will clarify the functions and tasks, clarify the cooperative relationship, and strive to form a normal management and control pattern of military and land linkage, unity and efficiency, responsibility implementation and close cooperation.
Unmanned aerial vehicles usually include remote-controlled aircraft, autonomous aircraft and model aircraft. Aircraft models usually do not need special requirements in production, manufacturing, sales and circulation. Moreover, countries generally leave it to the sports department for management, and China has already taken similar measures. Therefore, the exposure draft mainly regulates unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles management, and the management rules of model aircraft are authorized to be formulated by the sports administrative department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments.
Relevant countries in the world generally implement classified management of drones. Considering that the security threats of drones mainly come from high conflict, kinetic energy and range of activities, on the basis of absorbing the existing classification management methods of various countries and closely combining China's national conditions, the exposure draft divides drones into two levels, three categories and five categories: level 2, according to the nature of tasks, drones are divided into national and civilian levels; Three categories, according to the flight management mode, civil drones are divided into open category, conditional open category and control category; Five, according to flight safety risks, with weight as the main index, combined with performance indicators such as altitude, speed, radio transmission power and airspace maintenance ability, civil UAVs are divided into micro, light, small, medium and large.
The Draft for Comment limits the empty weight of the open UAV to 0.25 kg, and the design performance meets certain requirements. Absorbing the results of collision tests at home and abroad, combined with the fact that the empty weight of most UAVs used for consumption and entertainment in China is less than 4 kg, the draft for comment determines that the empty weight of UAVs that are conditionally open is less than 4 kg (the maximum take-off weight is less than 7 kg) and the running performance meets certain conditions. The above numerical definition of UAV classification not only fully considers the flight requirements and safety risks of UAVs currently used for consumer entertainment, but also helps to promote the healthy and orderly development of the industry.
About the maximum takeoff weight and empty weight. The concept of "maximum takeoff weight" is mostly used for manned aircraft and is an important index for airworthiness management monitoring and approval. Many countries directly adopted this concept when legislating on drones. However, due to the lack of airworthiness requirements for small light UAVs, it may not be possible to provide the maximum takeoff weight for official tests. In order to facilitate management, "maximum takeoff weight" and "empty weight" are two important classification conditions for light, small and medium-sized UAVs. Among them, light and medium-sized UAVs must meet two conditions at the same time, and small UAVs only need to meet one of them.
legal ground
Article 214 of the Civil Aviation Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) (202 1 Amendment) If the State Council and the Central Military Commission have other provisions on the management of unmanned aerial vehicles, those provisions shall prevail.