Mental health refers to a person's physical, psychological and social harmony. Its main characteristics are normal intelligence, stable and happy mood, coordinated and unified behavior, good interpersonal relationship and strong adaptability.
(1) preschool psychology
Specific to the mental health of preschool children, it mainly refers to their good psychological state in emotion and socialization after their reasonable needs and wishes are met.
Preschool psychology is a branch of psychology, which refers to the psychological development law of children from birth to preschool, that is, 0-6 years old and 7 years old. A good psychological state is mainly manifested as: preschool children are self-satisfied, lively and happy, able to adapt to the surrounding environment, friendly and harmonious interpersonal relationships, and their intelligence and wisdom are fully displayed. The psychology of preschool children is the key to the formation of children's personality, and the quality of children's personality characteristics directly affects their healthy growth and attitude towards the future.
Paying attention to preschool children's mental health requires not only parents' personal efforts, but also the scientific training of schools, especially kindergartens' professional systems.
(B) psychological barriers
The reason why preschool children have psychological barriers is related to early childhood education. There are many reasons for preschool children's psychological disorders, but nothing more than school and family education. For example, children who have attended kindergarten are lively, cheerful, gregarious, disciplined and polite. But the children at home are too shy to meet people and it is difficult to adapt in a strange environment. Secondly, the influence of some parents' compulsory learning. Now some parents consciously ask their children to recite poems, dictionaries, maps and so on. Some experts believe that children should not be trained in mechanical memory before the age of 3. A child's brain capacity is limited. Before the age of 3, we should focus on cultivating children's adaptability, language ability and imagination, rather than mechanical memory. The influence of re-education methods, such as parents' connivance and obedience to children, makes children form bad characters such as pride, selfishness and willfulness; The other is to use educational means such as beating, cursing, scaring and shutting down. In particular, parents' contradictory parenting attitude will make children have psychological problems.
(C) the consequences of children's psychological disorders
Everyone wants their baby to be smart and healthy. Parents are very concerned about their children's physical health, but seldom care about their children's mental health? Experts pointed out that mental health problems of preschool children are widespread at present. If parents do not pay attention to the protection of children's mental health, it will lead to children's inadaptability to school at school age, such as learning difficulties and communication difficulties, and even lead to more serious consequences.
Preschool children are in the period of drawing blueprints for their own personality and laying the foundation. The attitude of his family towards him, especially where he was placed and what role he was allowed to play, played a great role in the formation of his character. Once some bad personality traits are stabilized, they will become habitual behaviors and will inevitably suffer more psychological conflicts and trauma.
Second, the psychological development of preschool children
In the psychological education of preschool children, we must pay attention to the fact that the psychological development of preschool children is a rapid process, and the psychological process still maintains the characteristics of visualization and randomness.
Psychological development
Psychological development mainly refers to the process from low-level psychological function to high-level psychological function, which mainly refers to the essential connection and characteristics in the process of psychological development. Children are not born with various psychological processes of human beings. Although there are different views on the psychological development of preschool children, with the deepening and development of understanding, people have already got some understanding in some aspects: the high speed and imbalance of development. Under normal circumstances, it always has a certain directionality and sequence, which is both continuous and phased. The development trend of preschool children's psychology is from simple to complex, from concrete to abstract, from passive to active, from disorder to systematization. The above development is not completed at one time, but constantly improved and spiraled.
(B) the stage of psychological development
High-speed development is the general trend and law of preschool children's psychological development, but preschool children's psychology is not developing at a constant speed.
1. The development in different stages is unbalanced.
Children's psychological development does not always develop in a straight line at the same speed. Judging from the development process of different tissue systems and functional characteristics, as far as the development of nervous system and reproductive system is concerned, the nervous system is fast first and then slow. Before childhood, the weight of the human brain has developed to 80% of the mature stage, and it is close to the adult level around 9 years old. The reproductive system is slow before and fast after. There is little progress before puberty, but great progress after puberty (female11-kloc-0/2 years old, male 13- 14 years old). As far as the overall development is concerned, the whole development is not rising at a uniform speed, but progressing in waves. Usually, there is a first accelerated development period in early childhood, followed by a stable development period in childhood. Therefore, the imbalance of development is manifested in the differences in the speed of development, the starting and ending time of development and the maturity of different systems.
2. The development of preschool children's psychological activities is uneven.
For example, cognitive processes such as perception after birth are developing rapidly, and simple perception ability will soon reach a relatively developed level; However, the occurrence of thinking needs a long brewing process, and the real development is about two years old. By the end of preschool children, it is still in a relatively low stage of development-only the germination of logical thinking.
3. The psychological development of different children is unbalanced.
Different children are of the same age, but the speed of development, the final level and the advantages of development are often very different. For example, some children are precocious and smart, while others are slow to begin to understand. Some children are particularly sensitive to musical hearing, and some children have a deep memory of artistic images. In terms of personality, some people are active, fluent and good at communicating with others, while others like to be quiet, alone, silent and unsociable, that is, extroverted and introverted. However, these children are normal, but there are individual differences in psychological development.
Third, psychological education.
Children's mental health is rooted in family, shaped in school and developed in society. Paying attention to children's mental health requires not only parents' personal efforts, but also the scientific training of schools, especially kindergartens' professional systems, and of course the attention and support of the whole society.
Education model
1. Give children the first mental health lesson.
Parents are the first teachers of talents. Children are the first to contact their parents, and the first to follow is their relatives around them. Therefore, how important parents are to the healthy growth of young children! The vast majority of children's psychology is the epitome of parents' subconscious. The mental health of parents makes children seldom suffer from mental illness. In this regard, the ancient sages did a good job. In the Saint Amethyst we talked about, "If the son doesn't teach, the father makes mistakes", and the division of responsibilities is very clear. "In the past, Meng Mu chose its neighbors, but its children didn't learn and broke the loom.". The story of Meng Mu's three moves has become an example for future generations to teach their children. Parents should not only provide their children with the best possible material conditions, but also educate and influence their children with good conduct, and what they can't say is quite different from what they do, leaving their children's vision in a confused state!
2. Accept the mental health education of the school system.
There is no doubt that school education is systematic, professional and scientific, but there are many shortcomings in the cultivation of mental health in school education. In fact, the reason is very simple, that is, the whole society does not pay enough attention to mental health, in other words, it does not mention the corresponding height to understand the mental health of preschool children. Schools should hire psychological counselors, arrange corresponding class hours according to children's psychological characteristics, and adopt the form of entertaining and entertaining, so that children can get physical and mental purification and growth in play.
Modern education should pay more attention to the important factor of children's mental health in the design of preschool education. Any educator with a strong sense of responsibility has no reason to ignore or even ignore children's health problems. The key to measure the success of modern education is the mental health of the educated. Otherwise, the talents we have trained are first-class in intelligence and technology and have obvious personality defects. So, can the educational products we provide be regarded as quality products? Strictly speaking, it is no exaggeration to classify it as defective or even waste. It takes three generations to make a gentleman. The difficulty of cultivating talents can be imagined, but preschool education is the beginning of cultivating talents and a basic work. If the school can offer mental health classes, then children can receive good systematic and scientific mental health education, so that their mental health can have a perfect embryonic form and lay the foundation for their healthy growth in the future.
3. Create a social atmosphere in which the whole people care about children's mental health.
Children's mental health concerns every adult. For your children's sake, for everyone's children's sake, let's care about children's mental health together. The classification of TV movies should be included in the important agenda, and programs such as murder and violence should fade out of children's sight. Those innocent childishness, pure friendship, optimistic attitude, rich imagination, United collective and happy struggle should be the first choice for children. Book publishers should compile elegant, positive and readable children's books, which can not only make children acquire knowledge, but also make them psychologically healthier. Hospitals should set up children's mental health clinics and pay attention to children's mental diseases as much as physical diseases. Civil affairs and judicial departments should protect children's rights and interests in the dissolution of family and marriage from the perspective of being conducive to their growth, and should not increase their psychological burden because of negligence in work and minimize their psychological pressure. Social relief should also give priority to orphans' pension and poor children's life education, so that children can enjoy as much social warmth as possible from the family government, which is extremely beneficial for him to cultivate a healthy mentality.
(2) Future talents
Paying attention to children's mental health is not an easy task, but a major event related to the future of our nation. In this regard, we should devote ourselves to it with the spirit and mind of "children and young people", so that all children can be bathed in the care of the whole society, grow up healthily and happily in the sunshine of care, and become qualified talents with good physical and mental health in the future.
Children are the future of the motherland, the hope of the family and the builder of the future of our beautiful country. A child's healthy growth may become the pillar of the motherland; The healthy growth of children as a group may make our motherland more prosperous. On the contrary, if a child can't grow up healthily, he may become a mediocre person who is useless to society, or even degenerate into a destroyer; If children can't grow up healthily, then our future society will be unimaginable. Of course, in 1948, the World Health Organization clearly stipulates that health is not only the absence of diseases in the body, but also mental health. Only physical and mental health, physical fitness, is a complete health. It can be seen that mental health is an inseparable and important part of human health. In fact, Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, has long put forward "six propositions": liberating children's thoughts, hands, mouth, space and time. Perhaps, it should be added that children should be psychologically liberated.