Problem description:
I heard that it is hepatitis B. Please tell us about the pathology and onset period of this disease in detail. thank you
Analysis:
The specific blood test results of hepatitis B virus carriers showed that simple hepatitis B virus surface antigen was positive.
Hepatitis B is a chronic infectious disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), which spreads through blood and body fluids. Its clinical manifestations are diverse, including acute, chronic, cholestatic and severe hepatitis, which is easy to develop into chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and a few cases can be transformed into primary liver cancer. The disease is widespread in China, the infection rate is 60%, and the HBsAg positive rate is 10- 15%. It is the most serious infectious disease that harms people's health at present.
First of all, the route of transmission of hepatitis B is:
① Vertical mother-to-child transmission:
There are about 6543.8+400 million HBsAg positive people in China, of which 85% are mother-to-child transmission. Vertical transmission is the main reason for the spread and high incidence of hepatitis B in China. There are also some father-son communicators. Mother-to-child transmission is mainly through birth canal infection or intrauterine infection.
② The spread of blood or blood products:
Blood products contaminated by HBV, such as albumin, platelets or blood, will be infected after transfusion, and HBV will also be infected during hemodialysis and renal dialysis.
③ Iatrogenic transmission:
Medical instruments contaminated by HBV (such as scalpels, dental drills, endoscopes, laparoscopy, etc.). ) can spread HBV.
(4) close contact within the family:
It mainly refers to sexual contact and intimate contact in daily life (such as using toothbrushes, towels, teacups and chopsticks), which may be infected by HBV. HBV can enter the body of close contacts through the damaged mucosa.
⑤ Public places, barber shops, beauty salons, etc. Are easily contaminated by HBV, such as baths and razors, can be infected with HBV.
Second, the treatment of liver disease
At present, there is still a lack of reliable specific treatment for hepatitis. The principle of treatment is based on adequate rest and nutrition, supplemented by appropriate drugs, avoiding drinking, overwork and taking drugs that damage the liver. It's best not to take medicine in disorder when you get hepatitis B. The function of the liver with hepatitis B has been greatly weakened. If you take medicine in disorder, the liver can't decompose drugs, and the toxicity of drugs will further damage the liver function. At present, the only effective anti-hepatitis B drugs recognized by experts at home and abroad are interferon-α and lamivudine, and oxymatrine has also been introduced into China in recent years. Several other anti-HBV drugs, such as adenosine monophosphate and foscarnet sodium, also have certain anti-HBV effects, but they are not widely used in clinic because of many side effects.
Normal liver function generally does not require treatment, even if the treatment is standardized, it is mainly to inhibit the virus. Suggestion: Diet conditioning plus good living habits, regular daily life, proper physical and mental exercise, keep an optimistic mood, absolutely forbid drinking alcohol, and avoid spicy, greasy and fried food. Do not eat moldy food, the diet should be light and rich in vitamins and protein. , can enhance physical fitness, improve the body's immunity and prevent further damage to the liver.